K p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ce 15\/02\/20=.<\/p>\n
Radioaktivita<\/a>.<\/p>\n Radioaktivita neboli\u00a0radioaktivn\u00ed rozpad je samovoln\u00e1 p\u0159em\u011bna\u00a0jader nestabiln\u00edch\u00a0nuklid\u016f na jin\u00e1 j\u00e1dra, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e vznik\u00e1\u00a0radioaktivn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, co\u017e je\u00a0ionizuj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159i radioaktivn\u00edm rozpadu. Zm\u011bn\u00ed-li se po\u010det proton\u016f v j\u00e1d\u0159e, dojde ke zm\u011bn\u011b prvku. Radioaktivitu objevil v roce\u00a01896 Henri Becquerel u sol\u00ed\u00a0uranu. K objasn\u011bn\u00ed podstaty radioaktivity z\u00e1sadn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem p\u0159isp\u011bli\u00a0francouz\u0161t\u00ed fyzikov\u00e9 Pierre Curie<\/a> a\u00a0Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska<\/a>.<\/p>\n Psychologie<\/a>.<\/p>\n Po\u010d\u00e1tky v\u011bdeck\u00e9 psychologie jsou obvykle datov\u00e1ny rokem\u00a01879, kdy\u00a0Wilhelm Wundt<\/a> zalo\u017eil prvn\u00ed psychologickou laborato\u0159 na univerzit\u011b v\u00a0Lipsku v\u00a0N\u011bmecku. Wundt se p\u0159i sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci do vysok\u00e9 m\u00edry op\u00edral o\u00a0introspekci (pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed a zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed povahy sv\u00e9ho vlastn\u00edho vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed, my\u0161len\u00ed a c\u00edt\u011bn\u00ed). Vznik laborato\u0159e m\u011bl takov\u00fd v\u00fdznam, proto\u017ee v t\u00e9 dob\u011b ur\u010dovaly experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed discipl\u00edny (zejm\u00e9na p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdn\u00e9) co je v\u011bdn\u00ed a co ne. Cht\u011bla\u2013li se psychologie st\u00e1t uznanou v\u011bdou, musela i ona prok\u00e1zat, \u017ee je schopna pracovat experiment\u00e1ln\u011b, v laborato\u0159i. Laboratorn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce nab\u00edzela z\u00e1ruku \u017ee objektivn\u00ed metodou budou z\u00edsk\u00e1ny poznatky, spolehliv\u011b ov\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9 a opakovateln\u00e9 podobn\u011b jako je tomu v\u00a0chemii,\u00a0fyzice nebo\u00a0filosofii.<\/p>\n Krom\u011b Wundta jsou sv\u00fdmi v\u00fdzkumy d\u016fle\u017eit\u00ed fyziolog Hering a fyzik\u00a0Ernst Mach<\/a>, p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed v druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed v Praze, studovali po\u010ditky a vjemy.\u00a0K\u00fclpe<\/a> hlavn\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel W\u00fcrzbursk\u00e9 \u0161koly, zkoumal my\u0161lenkov\u00e9 procesy,\u00a0Ebbinghaus<\/a> pam\u011b\u0165 a u\u010den\u00ed. Nov\u00e1 evropsk\u00e1 psychologie byla zna\u010dnou m\u011brou fyziologick\u00e1, experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed, elementov\u00e1, asocianistick\u00e1, hlavn\u00ed metodou byla\u00a0introspekce i kdy\u017e jin\u00e9 metody se t\u00e9\u017e u\u017e\u00edvaly. Byla zam\u011b\u0159ena hlavn\u011b na procesy vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed.\u00a0William James<\/a> p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161el, podobn\u011b jako i jin\u00ed Ameri\u010dani, evropskou psychologii do Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, kde se v\u0161ak d\u00e1le vyv\u00edjela sp\u00ed\u0161e ve smyslu\u00a0funkcionalismu. James zd\u016fraznil nutnost studia n\u00e1vyk\u016f, emoc\u00ed a v\u011bdom\u00ed.<\/p>\n Elias Canetti<\/a>: Masa a moc<\/em> (viz Doporu\u010den\u00e1 literatura<\/a>).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" K p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ce 15\/02\/20=. Radioaktivita. Radioaktivita neboli\u00a0radioaktivn\u00ed rozpad je samovoln\u00e1 p\u0159em\u011bna\u00a0jader nestabiln\u00edch\u00a0nuklid\u016f na jin\u00e1 j\u00e1dra, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e vznik\u00e1\u00a0radioaktivn\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":341,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-340","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kreativni-mysleni-2010-2011","wpcat-3-id"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/340","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=340"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/340\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/341"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=340"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=340"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=340"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}