{"id":3108,"date":"2021-04-17T19:46:36","date_gmt":"2021-04-17T18:46:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/?p=3108"},"modified":"2023-03-07T10:53:44","modified_gmt":"2023-03-07T09:53:44","slug":"o-dusi-ruska","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/o-dusi-ruska\/","title":{"rendered":"O du\u0161i Ruska"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u011bkolik pozn\u00e1mek k Solovjovovi<\/em><\/p>\n

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\u201eSatan m\u016f\u017ee zkorumpovat sv\u011bt jen prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u010dlov\u011bka, \u2026 proto\u017ee kone\u010dn\u00fdm c\u00edlem Satana je vt\u011blit se zcela a \u00fapln\u011b do \u010dlov\u011bka, Antikrista.\u201c[1]<\/a><\/p>\n

V linii dlouh\u00e9 rusk\u00e9 tradice Solovjov v postav\u011b Antikrista na\u010drt\u00e1v\u00e1 mo\u017en\u00fd omyl mesi\u00e1nsk\u00fdch o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. V rusk\u00e9 literatu\u0159e je d\u016fv\u011brn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e1 postava, osobnost divadla s\u00a0rozd\u00edln\u00fdmi jm\u00e9ny: st\u00e1v\u00e1 se zosobn\u011bn\u00edm \u201eFale\u0161n\u00e9ho\u201c, osobnost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 klame t\u00edm, \u017ee u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 hodnoty, zkresluje konec, a d\u011bjiny se tak \u0159\u00edt\u00ed do katastrof. Tato \u00favaha okolo toho, koho o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1me, m\u016f\u017ee vych\u00e1zet z on\u00e9 nejasn\u00e9 \u010di dvojzna\u010dn\u00e9 osoby, kter\u00e1 dojde a\u017e na m\u00edsto toho (Revizor<\/em> od Gogola) druh\u00e9ho nebo t\u00e9 osoby, moc\u00ed ud\u011blen\u00e9 mu c\u00edrkv\u00ed Kristovou, nedovoluje mu se ke Kristu vr\u00e1tit (Velk\u00fd inkvizitor<\/em>). Je tolik podobn\u00fdch postav v\u00a0rusk\u00e9 literatu\u0159e, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed jedno spole\u010dn\u00e9: pochybov\u00e1n\u00ed o sp\u00e1se.<\/p>\n

Duchovn\u00ed \u017eivot, \u017eivot v Duchu, je horizontem osobn\u00edho r\u016fstu, ale tak\u00e9 horizontem napln\u011bn\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch d\u011bjin a m\u00e1 v Kristu sv\u00e9 absolutn\u00ed krit\u00e9rium. Legenda o Antikristu<\/em> d\u00e1v\u00e1 nahl\u00e9dnout p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010duj\u00edc\u00edm narativn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, jak snadn\u00e9 je vzd\u00e1lit se od Krista t\u00edm, \u017ee se vol\u00ed dobro, a ne Kristus, proto\u017ee definovat dobro a zlo podle k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 v\u00edry odkazuje nutn\u011b na osobu a d\u00edlo Krista. Dobro (jako\u017e i to, co je kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 a skute\u010dn\u00e9) m\u016f\u017ee klamat, jestli\u017ee nejsme p\u0159ipout\u00e1ni ke Kristu, a m\u016f\u017ee skr\u00fdvat i zradu. Jak rozli\u0161it tedy mezi \u201eprav\u00fdm a fale\u0161n\u00fdm dobrem\u201c? Jak\u00e9 dobro? To nen\u00ed tak jednoduch\u00e9. Snadn\u00e9 je ov\u0161em se na tomto poli st\u00e1t falzifik\u00e1tory.\u201c<\/p>\n

Existuje kr\u00e1sa, kter\u00e1 nezachra\u0148uje, ale kter\u00e1 svazuje s hmotou, existuje pravda, kter\u00e1 nep\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed sp\u00e1su, proto\u017ee zbo\u017e\u0161\u0165uje my\u0161lenku, existuje dobro, kter\u00e9 nezachra\u0148uje, proto\u017ee absolutizuje dokonalost, a ne vztahy, dokonce m\u016f\u017ee existovat i jednota jako klam. Existuje jednota, kter\u00e1 nezachra\u0148uje, proto\u017ee se st\u00e1v\u00e1 syst\u00e9mem jistoty, a ne napln\u011bn\u00edm l\u00e1skypln\u00e9 jednoty. Sp\u00e1sa uskute\u010dn\u011bn\u00e1 Antikristem je parodi\u00ed, je sp\u00e1sou ch\u00e1panou jako zru\u0161en\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch konflikt\u016f, a tedy falzifikace vnit\u0159n\u00edho k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9ho \u00e9tosu, falzifikace \u017eivota a samotn\u00e9ho byt\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eFalzifikace hodnot, m\u016f\u017eeme tak\u00e9 \u0159\u00edci falzifikace byt\u00ed. Tak, jako existuj\u00ed falzifik\u00e1to\u0159i, mohou existovat tak\u00e9 falzifik\u00e1to\u0159i r\u016fzn\u00fdch hodnot jin\u00fdch, ne\u017e jsou pen\u00edze, nap\u0159\u00edklad falzifik\u00e1to\u0159i pravdy nebo kr\u00e1sy, a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm falzifik\u00e1to\u0159i dobra.\u201c[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u201ePosledn\u00edm Antikristem je panrusk\u00fd imper\u00e1tor, kter\u00fd je v\u0161\u00edm podoben \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9mu pape\u017ei: proto\u017ee si uzurpoval bo\u017eskou a lidskou moc, s\u00e1m si ji opat\u0159il nam\u00edsto Krista, hlavy k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 c\u00edrkve. Slavnostn\u011b v chr\u00e1m\u011b p\u0159ijal titul Otec vlasti a v\u0161eho rusk\u00e9ho lidu, panrusk\u00fd imper\u00e1tor, Petr Velik\u00fd, a zmocnil se moci patriarchy [\u2026]. Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 bestie v t\u0159et\u00edm \u0158\u00edm\u011b nen\u00ed jen ve v\u0161em podobn\u00e1 \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9mu pape\u017ei, ale nesrovnateln\u011b v\u00edce ho p\u0159evy\u0161uje svoj\u00ed bezbo\u017enost\u00ed.\u201c[3]<\/a><\/p>\n

D\u00e1ma, jedna z poslucha\u010d\u016f Legendy<\/em> o Antikristu<\/em>, se na z\u00e1v\u011br pt\u00e1:<\/p>\n

\u201eAle v\u00a0\u010dem je kone\u010dn\u00fd smysl tohoto dramatu? V\u017edy\u0165 v\u016fbec nech\u00e1pu, pro\u010d v\u00e1\u0161 Antikrist tak nen\u00e1vid\u00ed Boha, ale s\u00e1m je ve sv\u00e9 podstat\u011b dobr\u00fd, ne zl\u00fd.\u201c<\/p>\n

Slova, kter\u00e1 autor nech\u00e1v\u00e1 zazn\u00edt jako odpov\u011b\u010f, cel\u00fd rozhovor uzav\u00edraj\u00ed: \u201eV\u00a0tom to v\u011bz\u00ed, \u017ee nen\u00ed dobr\u00fd ve sv\u00e9 podstat\u011b.\u201c<\/p>\n

Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd z\u00e1v\u011br tohoto vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed pom\u00e1h\u00e1 Solovjovovi d\u00e1t velmi dramatick\u00fd akcent: st\u00e1le n\u00e1s nech\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let o\u00a0tom, co je skute\u010dn\u00e9 a\u00a0co fale\u0161n\u00e9, o\u00a0absolutn\u00edm a relativn\u00edm dobru. A\u017e do okam\u017eiku, kdy je definitivn\u011b odhalena maska, se zd\u00e1, \u017ee zv\u00edt\u011bz\u00ed parodie skute\u010dnosti, omyl proti pravd\u011b, relativn\u00ed pravda nad l\u00e1skou.<\/p>\n

\u201eZjeven\u00ed Antikrista nem\u00e1 v sob\u011b nic m\u00fdtick\u00e9ho, je dokonale zd\u016fvodniteln\u00e9, proto\u017ee nen\u00ed ni\u010d\u00edm jin\u00fdm ne\u017e krajn\u00edm, chceme-li exaltovan\u00fdm uskute\u010dn\u011bn\u00edm toho, co se ji\u017e n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem stalo, co jsme si ji\u017e v\u00a0d\u011bjin\u00e1ch mohli ov\u011b\u0159it. V\u017edy\u0165 Antikrist p\u0159edstavuje to, co je v\u00a0\u017eidovsko-k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9m pojet\u00ed posledn\u00edm a\u00a0kone\u010dn\u00fdm zjeven\u00edm skute\u010dnosti, kter\u00e1 charakterizuje v\u0161echny lidsk\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti od dob p\u00e1du prvn\u00edch lid\u00ed a\u017e po slavn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edchod P\u00e1n\u011b, par\u00fazii; odpor k\u00a0Bo\u017e\u00edmu kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed.\u201c<\/p>\n

Ale je i\u00a0postavou, kter\u00e1 zt\u011bles\u0148uje poku\u0161en\u00ed st\u00e1t se ru\u010ditelem \u2013 jako \u010dlov\u011bk \u2013 p\u0159\u00edchodu a\u00a0povahy Bo\u017e\u00edho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 B\u016fh zjevil v\u00a0Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161i Kristu a\u00a0s\u00a0kter\u00fdm ji\u017e nem\u00e1 nic do \u010din\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eJak jste mohli na mne zapomenout?\u201c, pt\u00e1 se Kristus ve snu jedn\u00e9 postavy z\u00a0Dostojevsk\u00e9ho rom\u00e1nu.[4]<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Alexandr Sol\u017eenicyn<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Krom\u011b pozv\u00e1n\u00ed k\u00a0l\u00e1skypln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu p\u0159ilnut\u00ed ke Kristu a\u00a0k\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu pozn\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1klad\u016f k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 v\u00edry m\u016f\u017eeme v\u00a0Legend\u011b o\u00a0Antikristu<\/em> nal\u00e9zt praktick\u00e1 povzbuzen\u00ed k\u00a0odporu proti zlu a\u00a0na\u0161i mo\u017enou spolu\u00fa\u010dast na p\u0159\u00edchodu Bo\u017e\u00edho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zde m\u016f\u017eeme shrnout dv\u011bma cit\u00e1ty, maj\u00edc\u00edmi kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 postaven\u00ed: jeden od Sol\u017eenicyna, druh\u00fd od Solovjova. Ty budou dopl\u0148kem na\u0161\u00ed odpov\u011bdi na ot\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 jsou tak aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed, \u017ee se mus\u00edme n\u011bkdy a\u017e ot\u0159\u00e1st.<\/p>\n

\u201eNeexistuje ani jeden den a\u00a0neexistuj\u00ed ani jedna ramena, na kter\u00e9 by n\u00e1sil\u00ed nevlo\u017eilo sv\u016fj bodaj\u00edc\u00ed pa\u0159\u00e1t; po\u017eaduje od n\u00e1s pouze poslu\u0161nost ke l\u017ei, pouze na\u0161i ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dast na l\u017ei, to je v\u0161echno, co o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 od sv\u00fdch loaj\u00e1ln\u00edch poddan\u00fdch. A\u00a0pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00a0tom spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 kl\u00ed\u010d na\u0161eho osvobozen\u00ed, n\u00e1mi p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017een\u00fd, ale tak jednoduch\u00fd a\u00a0dostupn\u00fd: odm\u00edtnut\u00ed osobn\u011b se \u00fa\u010dastnit na l\u017ei! Nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, jestli\u017ee le\u017e zakr\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u0161echno, jestli\u017ee se st\u00e1v\u00e1 u\u010ditelkou v\u0161ech, ale alespo\u0148 neklesneme k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee bychom uzav\u0159eli tuto smlouvu: P\u0159es m\u011b neprojde [\u2026]. Proto\u017ee kdy\u017e lid\u00e9 uk\u00e1\u017e\u00ed z\u00e1da l\u017ei, le\u017e jednodu\u0161e p\u0159estane existovat. Jako naka\u017eliv\u00e1 nemoc nem\u016f\u017ee le\u017e existovat bez lidsk\u00e9ho p\u0159isp\u011bn\u00ed.\u201c[5]<\/a><\/p>\n

Jestli\u017ee zv\u00edt\u011bz\u00ed nad poku\u0161en\u00edm, kter\u00e9 probleskuje za my\u0161lenkou osobn\u00ed moci jakoby schopn\u00e9 urychlit p\u0159\u00edchod kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, Solovjov \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 duchovn\u00edmu \u010dlov\u011bku:<\/p>\n

\u201eJe pravda, \u017ee se mus\u00edm starat o sp\u00e1su sv\u011bta prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm jeho praktick\u00e9ho podroben\u00ed bo\u017esk\u00e9mu principu. Av\u0161ak nen\u00ed pravda, \u017ee proto mus\u00edm hledat moc ve sv\u011bt\u011b. Jestli\u017ee si skute\u010dn\u011b p\u0159eji moc nikoliv pro sebe a\u00a0nikoliv ve sv\u00e9m jm\u00e9nu a\u00a0sv\u00e9voln\u011b, n\u00fdbr\u017e ve jm\u00e9nu Bo\u017e\u00edm pro Bo\u017e\u00ed d\u00edlo a\u00a0podle v\u016fle Bo\u017e\u00ed, nesm\u00edm a nemohu hledat tuto moc s\u00e1m, nesm\u00edm a\u00a0nemohu nic d\u011blat s\u00e1m ze sebe, abych j\u00ed dos\u00e1hl. J\u00e1 v\u011b\u0159\u00edm v\u00a0Boha, p\u0159eji si dokon\u00e1n\u00ed jeho d\u00edla a\u00a0douf\u00e1m v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edchod jeho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, a\u00a0pokud je mi d\u00e1no, slou\u017e\u00edm mu, av\u0161ak nic v\u00edce nehled\u00e1m. Nebo\u0165 nemohu zn\u00e1t tajemstv\u00ed cesty Bo\u017e\u00ed proz\u0159etelnosti a\u00a0pl\u00e1ny jeho moudrosti. V\u017edy\u0165 ani s\u00e1m sebe je\u0161t\u011b \u00fapln\u011b nezn\u00e1m. Nemohu v\u011bd\u011bt, bude-li dobr\u00e9 pro mne a\u00a0pro druh\u00e9, kdy\u017e nyn\u00ed dostanu moc a\u00a0s\u00edlu. I\u00a0kdy\u017e jsem se stal \u00fa\u010dastn\u00fdm na Bo\u017e\u00ed pravd\u011b a\u00a0duchovn\u00ed \u017eivot se ve mn\u011b zjevil, je\u0161t\u011b z\u00a0toho neplyne, \u017ee bych byl zp\u016fsobil\u00fd v\u00e9st lidi. Mo\u017en\u00e1, \u017ee kdy\u017e dostanu moc, uk\u00e1\u017ei se neschopn\u00fdm nejenom \u0159\u00eddit jin\u00e9 v\u00a0Bo\u017e\u00edm duchu, ale ztrat\u00edm i\u00a0svou vlastn\u00ed duchovn\u00ed d\u016fstojnost, a\u00a0jestli\u017ee hled\u00e1m moc, u\u017e jsem ji ztratil, nebo\u0165 jsem upadl do h\u0159\u00edchu vl\u00e1dychtivosti. Kdy\u017e ne\u010dek\u00e1m, a\u017e dostanu sv\u00e9 ur\u010den\u00ed od Boha, ale hled\u00e1m moc s\u00e1m od sebe, mus\u00edm se ve skute\u010dnosti ut\u00edkat k\u00a0lidsk\u00fdm zp\u016fsob\u016fm a\u00a0prost\u0159edk\u016fm. Av\u0161ak lidsk\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby a\u00a0prost\u0159edky k\u00a0z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed moci jsou dob\u0159e zn\u00e1my. Jsou to: z\u00e1ke\u0159nost a\u00a0klam na po\u010d\u00e1tku, n\u00e1sil\u00ed a\u00a0vra\u017eda na konci. Takov\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem nep\u0159ivede\u0161 jin\u00e9 do Bo\u017e\u00edho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, ale s\u00e1m se od n\u011bho vzd\u00e1l\u00ed\u0161. Proto mus\u00edm slou\u017eit Bo\u017e\u00ed sl\u00e1v\u011b a\u00a0sp\u00e1se sv\u011bta v\u00a0tom, co je mi d\u00e1no, ve sv\u00e9m \u00fad\u011blu, o\u010dek\u00e1vaje s\u00a0trp\u011blivost\u00ed napln\u011bn\u00ed Bo\u017e\u00edch cest ve mn\u011b i\u00a0ve sv\u011bt\u011b, sna\u017eit se milosrdenstv\u00edm a\u00a0dobrotivost\u00ed m\u00edrnit ciz\u00ed zlo a\u00a0nerozmno\u017eovat ho zlem sv\u00fdm.\u201c[6]<\/a><\/p>\n

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[1]<\/a> S. N. Bulgakov: \u0421\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u041d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/em>. \u041f\u0443\u0442\u044c, \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430 1917 (citov\u00e1na reedice z roku 1994), str.\u00a0 271.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> C. Noica: Spiritul rom\u00e2nesc \u00een cump\u0103tul vremii: \u015fase maladii ale spiritului contemporan<\/em>. Editura Univers, Bucure\u015fti 1978, italsk\u00fd p\u0159eklad Sei malattie dello spirito contemporaneo<\/em>, Il Mulino, Bologna 1993, str. 28.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> C. G. De Michelis: I nomi dell\u2019avversario: il \u201epapa-anticristo\u201c nella cultura russa. Risposta dei cristiani<\/em>. Albert Meynier, Torino 1989, str. 33.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Fjodor Michajlovi\u010d Dostojevskij: V\u00fdrostek<\/em>. St\u00e1tn\u00ed nakladatelstv\u00ed kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 literatury a um\u011bn\u00ed, Praha 1961.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Alexandr Sol\u017eenicyn: Ne\u017e\u00edt se l\u017e\u00ed <\/em>(\u0416\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u043b\u0436\u0438<\/em>). Seuil, Paris 1974, str. 129.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> Vladimir Solovjov: Duchovn\u00ed z\u00e1klady \u017eivota<\/em>. Refugium, Velehrad 1996, str. 47\u201348.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u011bkolik pozn\u00e1mek k Solovjovovi   \u201eSatan m\u016f\u017ee zkorumpovat sv\u011bt jen prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u010dlov\u011bka, \u2026 proto\u017ee kone\u010dn\u00fdm c\u00edlem Satana…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3109,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[799],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3108","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jamu-ii-2020-2021","wpcat-799-id"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3108","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3108"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3108\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3645,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3108\/revisions\/3645"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3109"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3108"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3108"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3108"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}