{"id":3047,"date":"2021-03-31T13:19:47","date_gmt":"2021-03-31T12:19:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/?p=3047"},"modified":"2021-03-31T13:19:47","modified_gmt":"2021-03-31T12:19:47","slug":"sazometna-streda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/sazometna-streda\/","title":{"rendered":"Sazometn\u00e1 st\u0159eda"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
Jid\u00e1\u0161, Kristus a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd setn\u00edk<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

V \u010desk\u00e9 frazeologii se nach\u00e1z\u00ed skupina fraz\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e1 reprezentuje c\u00edrkevn\u00ed sv\u00e1tky katolick\u00e9 c\u00edrkve. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost si zaslou\u017e\u00ed \u0160kared\u00e1 st\u0159eda. Brandl ji uv\u00e1d\u00ed s v\u00fdznamem \u201apopelec\u2018. Staro\u010desk\u00fd slovn\u00edk m\u00e1 pod heslem popelec:<\/em><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u201ePopel sv\u011bcen\u00fd a sypan\u00fd n. mazan\u00fd na hlavy v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edch na Popele\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159edu\u201c;<\/li>\n
  2. \u201ePopele\u010dn\u00e1 (popeli\u010dn\u00e1, popelcov\u00e1) st\u0159eda (c\u00edrk. sv\u00e1tek, po\u010d\u00e1tek p\u0159edvelikono\u010dn\u00edho postu)\u201c.<\/li>\n
  3. \u201ePopelcem, popele\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159edou za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 v c\u00edrkvi katolick\u00e9 \u010dty\u0159icetidenn\u00ed p\u016fst a \u010das velikono\u010dn\u00ed.\u201c Pod heslem st\u0159eda<\/em> uv\u00e1d\u00ed: \u201eZvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed jm\u00e9na maj\u00ed st\u0159eda popele\u010dn\u00e1 \u010di \u0161kared\u00e1 a st\u0159eda sazometn\u00e1 (p\u0159ed Zelen\u00fdm \u010dtvrtkem)\u201c.<\/li>\n
  4. Kott m\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed ozna\u010den\u00ed pro Popele\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159edu \u2013 smetn\u00e1<\/em> (z v\u00fdboru prac\u00ed Bo\u017eeny N\u011bmcov\u00e9).<\/li>\n
  5. Podobn\u011b \u010dteme v P\u0159\u00edru\u010dn\u00edm slovn\u00edku jazyka \u010desk\u00e9ho: \u201e\u0160kared\u00e1 st\u0159eda lid. Popele\u010dn\u00ed\u201c.<\/li>\n
  6. P\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00e9 p\u0159irovn\u00e1n\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u00ed J. Zaor\u00e1lek: \u201eMra\u010d\u00ed se jako popele\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159eda\/jako \u0161kared\u00e1 st\u0159eda\u201c. Shodn\u00e9 definice najdeme i v p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 sloven\u0161tin\u011b: \u201ePopolcov\u00e1 streda; pr\u00edd. len v spojen\u00ed Popolcov\u00e1 (n\u00e1r. i Popole\u010dn\u00e1) streda; hovor. \u0160kared\u00e1 streda\u201c, \u201ecirk. Popolcov\u00e1 (Popole\u010dn\u00e1, zried. i Popoln\u00e1) streda \u2013 de\u0148, ktor\u00fdm sa v cirkevnom roku za\u010dina p\u00f4stna doba; hovor. \u0160kared\u00e1 streda\u201c.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Pro\u010d vlastn\u011b m\u00e1 Popele\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159eda, prvn\u00ed den katolick\u00e9ho p\u016fstu, lidov\u00e9 pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161kared\u00e1?<\/p>\n

    \u0160kared\u00e1\/Popele\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159eda souvis\u00ed s pojmem masopust. Tradice masopustu jako jedn\u00e9 z nejstarod\u00e1vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch karnevalov\u00fdch tradic uv\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edchodu jara v den rovnodennosti sah\u00e1 a\u017e do pohanstv\u00ed. Srov. nap\u0159. Jungmanna, kter\u00fd cituje:<\/p>\n

    \u201eMasop\u016fst, sv\u00e1tek b\u00fdval u pohan\u016f, v n\u011bm\u017e modle Bachov\u011b ke cti \u017erali, pili, hodovali, kvasili, tancovali a bl\u00e1znili\u2026\u201c<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    U k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f masopust zpo\u010d\u00e1tku ozna\u010doval vlastn\u011b obdob\u00ed velikono\u010dn\u00edho postu, srov. stsl. m\u0119sopust<\/em> \u201e40denn\u00ed (velk\u00fd) p\u016fst p\u0159ed Velikonocemi\u201c.<\/p>\n

    Epiteton \u0161kared\u00e1,<\/em> \u201anep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e1, mrzut\u00e1, nevl\u00eddn\u00e1\u2018, dostala v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b prvn\u00ed st\u0159eda katolick\u00e9ho velikono\u010dn\u00edho postu snad proto, \u017ee byla pronikav\u00fdm kontrastem k p\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edmu masopustn\u00edmu \u00fater\u00fd, srov.: \u201ePo masopustn\u00edm \u00faterku se st\u0159eda \u0161kared\u00ed\u201c. B\u011bhem velikono\u010dn\u00edho postu bylo zcela zak\u00e1z\u00e1no ve\u0161ker\u00e9 vesel\u00ed a z\u00e1bavy:<\/p>\n

    \u201ePo p\u016flnoci v \u00fater\u00fd masopustn\u00ed ustalo se v tanci, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1vali: tan\u010d\u00ed-li se d\u00e9le, zjev\u00ed se mezi tan\u010d\u00edc\u00edmi myslivec-\u010dert. Basa se nos\u00ed kolem s\u00e1lu a potom pochov\u00e1 v kout\u011b. \u2013 Nastal p\u016fst. R\u00e1no jdou v\u0161ichni osadn\u00edci do chr\u00e1mu pro \u201epopelec\u201c, aby si p\u0159ipomn\u011bli \u201emarnost sv\u011bta\u201c. V dom\u00e1cnostech zahost\u00ed se klid, zp\u00edvaj\u00ed se postn\u00ed p\u00edsn\u011b\u2026 Prost\u00fd tmav\u00fd \u0161at, sv\u011bdomit\u00fd p\u016fst byly hlavn\u00ed zn\u00e1mky nast\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho postu. Mnoz\u00ed od\u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed se \u0161\u0148up\u00e1n\u00ed, kou\u0159en\u00ed i ko\u0159alky. Na \u201e\u0161karedou\u201c st\u0159edu, jak tak\u00e9 popele\u010dn\u00ed n\u011bkde \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, ust\u00e1valo se v p\u0159eden\u00ed\u2026 Zn\u00e1m\u00e9 je r\u010den\u00ed Na \u0161karedou st\u0159edu u\u017e ner\u00e1da p\u0159edu\u2026\u201c<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    Potud k p\u016fvodu n\u00e1zvu \u0160kared\u00e1 st\u0159eda \u201est\u0159eda popele\u010dn\u00ed\u201c.<\/p>\n

    V Tr\u00e1vn\u00ed\u010dkov\u011b slovn\u00edku se p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b setk\u00e1v\u00e1me s dal\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdznamem: \u0160kared\u00e1 st\u0159eda \u201apopelec n. st\u0159eda p\u0159ed velikonocemi\u2018. Z toho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee F. Tr\u00e1vn\u00ed\u010dek p\u0159ipou\u0161t\u00ed dv\u011b mo\u017enosti: \u0160kared\u00e1 st\u0159eda je bu\u010f st\u0159eda popele\u010dn\u00ed, nebo jde o st\u0159edu velikono\u010dn\u00ed, tedy st\u0159edu p\u0159ed Zelen\u00fdm \u010dtvrtkem. Podobn\u011b ned\u016fsledn\u00fd je i Slovn\u00edk spisovn\u00e9ho jazyka \u010desk\u00e9ho, kter\u00fd u hesla st\u0159eda uv\u00e1d\u00ed: \u201epon\u011bk. zast. ob. \u0160kared\u00e1 st\u0159eda; c\u00edrk. Popele\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159eda\u201c, zat\u00edmco u hesla \u0161kared\u00fd<\/em>: ve spoj. \u201e\u0160kared\u00e1 st\u0159eda p\u0159ed Zelen\u00fdm \u010dtvrtkem\u201c; expr. \u201emra\u010d\u00ed se jako \u0160kared\u00e1 st\u0159eda\u201c.<\/p>\n

    S velikono\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159edou, tj. se st\u0159edou p\u0159ed Zelen\u00fdm \u010dtvrtkem, se v\u0161ak poj\u00ed jin\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy. Pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0sazometn\u00e1 st\u0159eda<\/em> se vyskytuje u\u017e p\u0159ed r. 1500 v n\u00e1zvu k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed Jakoubka ze St\u0159\u00edbra:<\/p>\n

    \u201ev Sazemetn\u00fa st\u0159edu p\u0159ed Zelen\u00fdm \u010dtvrtkem\u201c,<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    vysv\u011btluje se takto: \u201eSazometn\u00e1 st\u0159eda naz\u00fdv\u00e1 se st\u0159eda p\u0159ed Zelen\u00fdm \u010dtvrtkem, pon\u011bvad\u017e \u010cechov\u00e9 v ten den vymet\u00e1vali saze z kom\u00edna za p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou nast\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch sv\u00e1tk\u016f velikono\u010dn\u00edch.\u201c Podobn\u011b: sazometn\u00e1 st\u0159eda \u201est\u0159eda p\u0159ed Zelen\u00fdm \u010dtvrtkem\u201c a zast. a lid. ve spoj. sazometn\u00e1 st\u0159eda, \u201est\u0159eda p\u0159ed Zelen\u00fdm \u010dtvrtkem\u201c. \u201eBylo to ve st\u0159edu p\u0159ed velikonoc\u00ed \u010dili ve st\u0159edu sazometnou\u201c (V. V. Tomek). \u201eJarn\u00ed \u00faklid p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 prastar\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed velikono\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159edy, jmenovan\u00e9 n\u011bkde na venkov\u011b i dnes sazometn\u00e1\u201c.<\/p>\n

    Se sazemi, s jejich barvou, souvis\u00ed i druh\u00fd lidov\u00fd n\u00e1zev st\u0159edy p\u0159ed Zelen\u00fdm \u010dtvrtkem \u2013 \u010cern\u00e1 st\u0159eda: \u201eJe \u010cern\u00e1 st\u0159eda sazometn\u00e1, den velik\u00e9ho ukl\u00edzen\u00ed\u201c.<\/p>\n

    V\u00fdznam \u201est\u0159eda p\u0159ed Zelen\u00fdm \u010dtvrtkem\u201c m\u00e1 z \u010desk\u00fdch slovn\u00edk\u016f u hesla \u0160kared\u00e1 st\u0159eda a\u017e slovn\u00edk Tr\u00e1vn\u00ed\u010dk\u016fv. T\u011b\u017eko \u0159\u00edci, jak Fr. Tr\u00e1vn\u00ed\u010dek dosp\u011bl u lidov\u00e9ho pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed Popele\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159edy k tomuto v\u00fdznamu. Mo\u017en\u00e1 k tomu p\u0159isp\u011bl spole\u010dn\u00fd s\u00e9m \u201enep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fd\u201c, kter\u00fd obsahuj\u00ed n\u00e1zvy \u0161kared\u00e1 i sazometn\u00e1. Frazeologismy \u0160kared\u00e1 st\u0159eda a Popele\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159eda jsou synonyma a ozna\u010duj\u00ed prvn\u00ed den \u010dty\u0159icetidenn\u00edho velikono\u010dn\u00edho postu, nikoliv velikono\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159edu (p\u0159ed Zelen\u00fdm \u010dtvrtkem).<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/a>
    Jid\u00e1\u0161ci<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    Na \u0160karedou st\u0159edu bylo zvykem p\u0159ipravit \u201e\u0161kared\u00e9 j\u00eddlo\u201c \u2013 v\u011bt\u0161inou \u0161lo o bramborov\u00e9 \u010di jin\u00e9 placky a r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u201etrhance\u201c, tedy pokrmy, kter\u00e9 na tal\u00ed\u0159i vypadaly neupraven\u011b.
    \nTradi\u010dn\u011b se tak\u00e9 p\u0159ipravovalo velikono\u010dn\u00ed pe\u010divo zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako jid\u00e1\u0161e<\/em>.<\/em> D\u011blalo se ve tvaru p\u00edsmene J<\/em> nebo uzlu, aby p\u0159ipom\u00ednalo Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ova zr\u00e1dce (\u010di jeho sebevra\u017edu ob\u011b\u0161en\u00edm) a j\u00ed se pomazan\u00e9 medem. Av\u0161ak pozor \u2013 jid\u00e1\u0161e se maj\u00ed j\u00edst a\u017e druh\u00fd den, tedy na Zelen\u00fd \u010dtvrtek. A pov\u011bra prav\u00ed, \u017ee kdo se do pochoutky zakousne je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed sv\u00edt\u00e1n\u00edm, bude cel\u00fd rok zdr\u00e1v.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    V \u010desk\u00e9 frazeologii se nach\u00e1z\u00ed skupina fraz\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e1 reprezentuje c\u00edrkevn\u00ed sv\u00e1tky katolick\u00e9 c\u00edrkve. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost si zaslou\u017e\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[799],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3047","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-jamu-ii-2020-2021","wpcat-799-id"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3047","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3047"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3047\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3047"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3047"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3047"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}