{"id":3016,"date":"2021-03-23T19:00:26","date_gmt":"2021-03-23T18:00:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/?p=3016"},"modified":"2021-03-30T17:44:57","modified_gmt":"2021-03-30T16:44:57","slug":"o-nekterych-starych-pohanskych-zvycich-kolem-jarni-rovnodennosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/o-nekterych-starych-pohanskych-zvycich-kolem-jarni-rovnodennosti\/","title":{"rendered":"O n\u011bkter\u00fdch star\u00fdch pohansk\u00fdch zvyc\u00edch kolem jarn\u00ed rovnodennosti"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ta\u017een\u00ed pluhu<\/em> \u010di lodi<\/em> krajinou se jev\u00ed b\u00fdt poz\u016fstatkem star\u00e9 pohansk\u00e9 ideje, kter\u00e1 po vypuzen\u00ed t\u011bchto boh\u016f k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00edm se uchovala toliko v\u00a0nesrozumiteln\u00fdch zvyc\u00edch prost\u00e9ho lidu, a tak se postupn\u011b vytr\u00e1cela: zejm\u00e9na \u0161lo o viditelnou manifestaci blahod\u00e1rn\u00e9ho dobrotiv\u00e9ho bo\u017estva mezi lidem, kdy ka\u017ed\u00fd d\u00e1val najevo radost, kdy\u017e na ja\u0159e op\u011bt rozmrzla p\u016fda a \u0159eky se vymanily z\u00a0ledov\u00e9ho sev\u0159en\u00ed, tak\u017ee mohly za\u010d\u00edt zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce a plaven\u00ed se po \u0159ek\u00e1ch v\u010detn\u011b plaven\u00ed d\u0159eva. V\u00a0takov\u00fd den v\u00a0chr\u00e1mech n\u011bkter\u00fdch vesnic v\u00a0Hol\u0161t\u00fdnsku ob\u00fdvan\u00fdch hlavn\u011b n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edky zav\u011b\u0161ovali tam lodi\u010dky<\/em>, kter\u00e9 pak zjara, kdy\u017e byla op\u011bt zah\u00e1jena plavba, byl zdobeny pentlemi a kv\u011btinami: je to hodn\u011b podobn\u00e9 \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9mu zvyku v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Isis. V\u00a0on\u011bch dob\u00e1ch, jak se dov\u00edd\u00e1me, se v\u00a0kostelech zav\u011b\u0161ovaly st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e9<\/em> lodi\u010dky<\/em>, je\u017e mo\u0159eplavci tam v\u00a0obav\u00e1ch z\u00a0nevyzpytateln\u00fdch rozmar\u016f po\u010das\u00ed zaslibovali kv\u016fli bezpe\u010dn\u00e9mu n\u00e1vratu dom\u016f. Laponci v\u00a0\u010das v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159edkl\u00e1daj\u00ed sv\u00e9mu Jauloherra<\/em>[1]<\/a> lodi\u010dky<\/em> pot\u0159\u00edsn\u011bn\u00e9 krv\u00ed soba, a takto je v\u011b\u0161\u00ed na stromy.[2]<\/a> Tyto votivn\u00ed dary svat\u00fdm se shroma\u017e\u010fovaly v m\u00edst\u011b, kde byly d\u0159\u00edve za star\u00fdch pohansk\u00fdch \u010das\u016f ob\u011btov\u00e1ny boh\u016fm, kdy\u017e mo\u0159eplavci pokra\u010dovali d\u00e1le k uct\u00edvan\u00e9mu Foseteho svatost\u00e1nku na Helgolandu. A jak potom za\u010daly b\u00fdt umis\u0165ov\u00e1ny do kostel\u016f rovn\u011b\u017e i st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e9<\/em> pluhy, <\/em>a koncem st\u0159edov\u011bku dokonce vy\u017eadov\u00e1ny jako forma des\u00e1tk\u016f, tak se tyto lodi\u010dky<\/em> a pluhy<\/em> spojily ve v\u00edtanou podporu starov\u011bk\u00e9mu uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed mate\u0159sk\u00e9ho bo\u017estva.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Panathenaea<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"\"<\/a>
Johannes Gehrts: Ostara<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0158ekov\u00e9 pak neob\u011btovali jen Isis, ale i Ath\u00e9n\u011b. B\u011bhem Panathen\u00e6a<\/em>, ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m \u0158ecku velk\u00e9 ath\u00e9nsk\u00e9 sv\u00e1tky na po\u010dest bohyn\u011b Ath\u00e9ny, byl jej\u00ed posv\u00e1tn\u00fd peplos<\/em>[3]<\/a> p\u0159evezen na lodi do Akropolis: takov\u00e1 lo\u010f, na jej\u00ed\u017e st\u011b\u017ee\u0148 byla zav\u011b\u0161ena plachta, byla postavena u nekropole Kerameikos a posouv\u00e1na po sou\u0161i podzemn\u00edm mechanismem, nejprve ku chr\u00e1mu D\u00e9m\u00e9t\u00e9r a kolem n\u011bj, pak k Pelasg\u016fm a P\u00fdthii, a nakonec do citadely. Lid\u00e9 ji n\u00e1sledovali ve slavnostn\u011b se\u0159azen\u00e9m pr\u016fvodu. Nesm\u00edme ani opomenout zm\u00ednit, \u017ee na Aventinu[4]<\/a> pot\u00e9, co se Isis \u2013 o n\u00ed\u017e mluv\u00ed Tacitus \u2013, transformovala do frau Eisen<\/em>, a z\u00a0jej\u00edho\u017e jm\u00e9na byl odvozen n\u00e1zev p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b \u017eeleza (eisen<\/em>), se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo jej\u00ed uct\u00edvan\u00ed, a posl\u00e9ze ji nahradila ona lodi\u010dka<\/em>, tak tento \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd historik d\u00e1le tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee po smrti sv\u00e9ho otce (Herkula) cestovala \u0159adou zem\u00ed, a\u017e nakonec dorazila ke germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9mu kr\u00e1li Schwabovi a po jist\u00fd \u010das s\u00a0n\u00edm z\u016fstala; nau\u010dila jej kout \u017eelezo, os\u00e9vat pole, skl\u00edzet, ml\u00edt zrno, hn\u00edst t\u011bsto a p\u00e9ct, p\u011bstovat len a konop\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edst, tk\u00e1t a zach\u00e1zet s jehlou, a\u017e ji lid\u00e9 uct\u00edvali jako sv\u011btici. Dal\u0161\u00ed spojitost s\u00a0n\u00ed bychom na\u0161li u pohansk\u00e9 bohyn\u011b, jej\u00ed\u017e jm\u00e9no slulo Zisa\/Cisa, uct\u00edvan\u00e9 v\u00a0Au\u0161purku, a u n\u00ed\u017e bychom na\u0161li kontext s Isis.<\/p>\n

Germ\u00e1ni naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed a\u017e k\u00a0dne\u0161ku duben ostermonat<\/em> a \u00f4starm\u00e2noth<\/em> se nach\u00e1z\u00ed u\u017e u Eginharta. Velik\u00fd k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fd sv\u00e1tek, kter\u00fd obvykle p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na duben \u010di konec b\u0159ezna, je zapisov\u00e1n ve star\u00fdch manuskriptech slovem \u00f4star\u00e2, <\/em>gen. –\u00fbn<\/em>; nej\u010dast\u011bji v\u00a0mno\u017en\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle, nebo\u0165 Velikonoce se slavily po dva dny (\u00f4startag\u00e2, aostortag\u00e2<\/em>). Tato \u00d4star\u00e2<\/em>, archaickou sa\u0161tinou E\u00e1stre<\/em>, ozna\u010dovala v\u00a0pohansk\u00e9m n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bytost, jej\u00ed\u017e uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bylo tak pevn\u011b zako\u0159en\u011bno, \u017ee k\u0159es\u0165an\u0161t\u00ed u\u010denci jej\u00ed jm\u00e9no tolerovali a pou\u017eili jej k\u00a0ozna\u010den\u00ed jedn\u00e9 ze sv\u00fdch nejgrandi\u00f3zn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch oslav. V\u0161echny n\u00e1rody obklopuj\u00edc\u00ed N\u011bmecko si podr\u017eeli biblick\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed pascha<\/em>; dokonce i Ulphilas p\u00ed\u0161e paska<\/em>, nikoliv austro<\/em>,[5]<\/a> t\u0159eba\u017ee toto slovo musel zn\u00e1t; nor\u0161tina jej zn\u00e1 jako p\u00e2skir<\/em>, \u0161v\u00e9d\u0161tina p\u00e5sk<\/em>, d\u00e1n\u0161tina paaske<\/em>. Starog\u00f3tsk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no \u00f4star <\/em>vyjad\u0159uje pohyb sm\u011brem k\u00a0vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edmu slunci<\/strong>, podobn\u011b staron\u011bmeck\u00e9 austr<\/em>, a pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b starosask\u00e9 e\u00e1stor<\/em> a g\u00f3tsk\u00e9 \u00e1ustr<\/em>. V latin\u011b bylo identick\u00e9 auster<\/em> posunuto k poledni, k jihu. V Edd\u011b<\/em> mu\u017esk\u00e1 bytost, duch sv\u011btla, nese jm\u00e9no Austri<\/em>, a \u017eensk\u00fd prot\u011bj\u0161ek k\u00a0se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 Austra<\/em>; hornon\u011bmeck\u00e9 a sask\u00e9 kmeny naopak znaly jen Ostar\u00e2<\/em>, E\u00e1stre <\/em>(\u017eensk\u00fd rod), nikoliv v\u0161ak Ostaro<\/em>, E\u00e1stra<\/em> (mu\u017esk\u00fd rod). A to m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt i d\u016fvod, pro\u010d Norov\u00e9 \u0159\u00edkali p\u00e2skir<\/em> a nikoliv austrur<\/em>: nikdy neuct\u00edvali bohyni Austru<\/em>, anebo jej\u00ed kult ji\u017e zanikl. Ostara<\/em>, E\u00e1stre<\/em> se tedy zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt bo\u017estvem z\u00e1\u0159iv\u00e9ho \u00fasvitu, rozep\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edho se sv\u011btla, pod\u00edvanou, kter\u00e1 p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ela radost a po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed, jeho\u017e v\u00fdznam lze snadno p\u0159irovnat ke vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9ho Boha. Na Velikonoce byly zapalov\u00e1ny ohn\u011b, a podle lidov\u00e9 tradice se dlouho st\u00e1lo, a ve chv\u00edli, kdy na Velikono\u010dn\u00ed ned\u011bli r\u00e1no vych\u00e1zelo slunce, lid\u00e9 t\u0159ikr\u00e1te radostn\u011b povysko\u010dili a tan\u010dili pro radost. Voda na\u010derpan\u00e1 na velikono\u010dn\u00ed r\u00e1no je podobn\u011b jako o V\u00e1noc\u00edch svat\u00e1 a uzdravuj\u00edc\u00ed. Panny se od\u00edvaly do b\u00edl\u00e9 a na Velikonoce, v obdob\u00ed n\u00e1vratu jara, se zjevovaly ve skaln\u00edch rozsedlin\u00e1ch a na hor\u00e1ch, \u010d\u00edm\u017e p\u0159ipom\u00ednaly starod\u00e1vnou bohyni.<\/p>\n

\u03a9<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

[1]<\/a> J\u00f3lnir<\/em> a Jauloherra<\/em>, oboj\u00ed znamen\u00e1 n\u011bco jako \u201eP\u00e1n Yule\u201c (\u010dasu v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edho) a jde o dv\u011b ze stovek jmen poj\u00edc\u00edch Odina se zimn\u00edm slunovratem (21. prosince) a obdob\u00edm kolem n\u011bj.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> H\u00f6gstr\u00f6m: Efterretninger om Lapland<\/em>, str. 511<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> \u017densk\u00fd od\u011bv pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m \u0158ecku zejm\u00e9na p\u0159ed rokem 500 p\u0159. n. l. Na rozd\u00edl od lehk\u00e9ho chit\u00f3nu<\/em> byl peplos<\/em> zhotoven z t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9ho dlouh\u00e9ho, zprvu zejm\u00e9na vln\u011bn\u00e9ho pruhu tkan\u00e9 l\u00e1tky.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Aventin (lat. Aventinus) je jeden ze sedmi pahork\u016f, na nich\u017e st\u00e1l starov\u011bk\u00fd \u0158\u00edm. Le\u017e\u00ed nad \u0159ekou Tiberou v jihoz\u00e1padn\u00edm c\u00edpu starov\u011bk\u00e9ho m\u011bsta a tvo\u0159\u00ed jej vlastn\u011b dva pahorky, mezi nimi\u017e prob\u00edh\u00e1 sou\u010dasn\u00e1 Via Aventina. Z pam\u011btihodnost\u00ed zde stoj\u00ed ran\u011b k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e1 basilika Santa Sabina, kostel San Alessio a kostel Panny Marie, p\u0159i n\u011bm\u017e je i rezidence velmistra \u0158\u00e1du malt\u00e9zsk\u00fdch ryt\u00ed\u0159\u016f. Je zde tak\u00e9 \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd r\u016f\u017eov\u00fd sad.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Srv. vlastn\u00ed n\u00e1zev Austria.<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Frigg jako Ostara<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ta\u017een\u00ed pluhu \u010di lodi krajinou se jev\u00ed b\u00fdt poz\u016fstatkem star\u00e9 pohansk\u00e9 ideje, kter\u00e1 po vypuzen\u00ed t\u011bchto boh\u016f…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3023,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[799],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3016","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jamu-ii-2020-2021","wpcat-799-id"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3016","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3016"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3016\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3023"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3016"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3016"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3016"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}