{"id":2941,"date":"2021-03-13T06:39:13","date_gmt":"2021-03-13T05:39:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/?p=2941"},"modified":"2021-03-13T06:39:13","modified_gmt":"2021-03-13T05:39:13","slug":"liturgicky-rok-zoroastrismus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/liturgicky-rok-zoroastrismus\/","title":{"rendered":"LITURGICK\u00dd ROK: Zoroastrismus"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
Zarathu\u0161tra<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Zoroastrismus \u010di zarathu\u0161trismus je \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 dualistick\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, jeho\u017e byl ve starov\u011bku zakladatelem prorok Zarathu\u0161tra, \u0159ec. Zoroaster. B\u00fdv\u00e1 naz\u00fdv\u00e1n tak\u00e9 jako mazdaismus podle jm\u00e9na nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho boha \u010di p\u00e1rsismus podle n\u00e1zvu jeho vyznava\u010d\u016f v Indii, P\u00e1rs\u016f. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed historikov\u00e9 pova\u017euj\u00ed zoroastrismus za historicky prvn\u00ed nejstar\u0161\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch. Ve starov\u011bku byl ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edm Persk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e.<\/p>\n

Doba vzniku zoroastrismu je sporn\u00e1, stejn\u011b jako je sporn\u00e9, kdy \u017eil historick\u00fd prorok Zarathu\u0161tra. Je\u0161t\u011b doned\u00e1vna se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo, \u017ee se tak stalo kolem roku 600 p\u0159. n. l. na \u00fazem\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00ed Asie, av\u0161ak filologick\u00fd rozbor nejstar\u0161\u00edch posv\u00e1tn\u00fdch text\u016f ukazuje, \u017ee po\u010d\u00e1tky nauky sahaj\u00ed snad a\u017e do 2. tis\u00edcilet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l. To \u010din\u00ed ze zoroastrismu jedno z nejstar\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed sv\u011bta.<\/p>\n

Zarathu\u0161tra je autorem nejstar\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed\u00a0Jasny<\/em>, tzv. \u201ezp\u011bv\u016f\u201c\u00a0G\u00e1th<\/em>. Zarathu\u0161trova reforma spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee odvrhl star\u0161\u00ed polyteismus a za jedin\u00e9ho svrchovan\u00e9ho boha ozna\u010dil \u201evl\u00e1dce-moudrost\u201c Ahuru Mazdu. Zarathu\u0161tra tvrdil, \u017ee se mu zjevil jako dobr\u00fd, spravedliv\u00fd b\u016fh, odm\u011b\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed dobro a trestaj\u00edc\u00ed zlo. Ahura Mazda je z\u00e1rove\u0148 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pravdou, je nesmrteln\u00fd a ned\u011bliteln\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Podle Zarathu\u0161trov\u00fdch p\u0159edstav stvo\u0159il Ahura Mazda na po\u010d\u00e1tku dv\u011b bytosti, dvoj\u010data Spenta Mainju a Angra Mainju, kter\u00e9 byly plodem jeho mysli. Spenta Mainju se rozhodl konat dobro, stal se Ahura Mazdov\u00fdm duchem, zat\u00edmco Angra Mainju se vyvinul v p\u0159edstavitele a p\u016fvodce zla. Ne proto, \u017ee by jeho povaha byla zl\u00e1, ale proto, \u017ee si s\u00e1m zvolil takovou cestu. Spenta Mainju a Angra Mainju jsou dv\u011b s\u00edly, kter\u00e9 spolu neust\u00e1le z\u00e1pas\u00ed. Je v\u0161ak nutn\u00e9 je ch\u00e1pat v jejich celistvosti, nemohou existovat odd\u011blen\u011b. P\u0159edstavuj\u00ed sv\u011btlo a tmu, den a noc. Tento dualismus zp\u016fsobuje, \u017ee se na sv\u011bt\u011b st\u00e1le objevuj\u00ed nov\u00e9 pozitivn\u00ed i negativn\u00ed s\u00edly, kter\u00e9 stoj\u00ed bu\u010f na stran\u011b Spenta Mainju, anebo Angra Mainju a navz\u00e1jem spolu bojuj\u00ed. Dob\u0159\u00ed duchov\u00e9 jsou souborn\u011b naz\u00fdv\u00e1ni\u00a0am\u00e9\u0161a spentov\u00e9\u00a0(nesmrteln\u00ed svat\u00ed) a zosob\u0148uj\u00ed Ahura Mazdovy vlastnosti. Po boku Angra Mainju vystupuj\u00ed\u00a0daivov\u00e9\u00a0(d\u00e9moni).<\/p>\n

V zoroastrismu se \u017eivot lid\u00ed d\u011bl\u00ed na t\u011blesn\u00fd a du\u0161evn\u00ed. Du\u0161e (urv\u00e1n) p\u0159e\u017eije i z\u00e1nik t\u011blesn\u00e9 schr\u00e1nky \u010dlov\u011bka. Jej\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fad\u011bl z\u00e1vis\u00ed na tom, jak\u00fd \u017eila \u017eivot, jak volila mezi dobrem a zlem.<\/p>\n

Spravedliv\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk sm\u00ed vstoupit p\u0159es most soudu (\u010dhinvad-p\u00fal<\/em>) do domu hymn\u016f (gar\u00f3-dem\u00e1na<\/em>), ob\u00fdvan\u00e9m Ahura Mazdou i ostatn\u00edmi spravedliv\u00fdmi. Do domu hymn\u016f je prov\u00e1zen kr\u00e1snou Da\u00e9nou, tvo\u0159enou z jeho dobr\u00fdch my\u0161lenek.<\/p>\n

Du\u0161e nespravedliv\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka bude naopak prov\u00e1zena o\u0161klivou d\u00edvkou, je\u017e je stejn\u011b tak v\u00fdtvorem jeho my\u0161lenek. Da\u00e9n\u00e1 p\u0159edstavuje lidsk\u00e9 sv\u011bdom\u00ed, a\u0165 u\u017e dobr\u00e9 \u010di zl\u00e9, reprezentuje vlastn\u00ed (bytostn\u00e9) J\u00e1 t\u00e9 kter\u00e9 osoby.<\/p>\n

Odd\u011blen\u00ed dobr\u00fdch du\u0161\u00ed od \u0161patn\u00fdch se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 na most\u011b, p\u0159es kter\u00fd jsou p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bny. Utrpen\u00ed \u010di bla\u017eenost jsou p\u0159\u00edmo \u00fam\u011brn\u00e9 skutk\u016fm, vykonan\u00fdm b\u011bhem \u017eivota. Pokud jsou tyto skutky v rovnov\u00e1ze, je stav bla\u017eenosti a utrpen\u00ed neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed. Z dochovan\u00fdch pramen\u016f nen\u00ed zcela jasn\u00e9, zda du\u0161e zem\u0159el\u00e9ho bude v tomto stavu setrv\u00e1vat v\u011b\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n

V zoroastrismu nach\u00e1z\u00edme t\u00e9\u017e popis posledn\u00edho soudu (podobn\u011b jako v k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed), jemu\u017e bude p\u0159edch\u00e1zet souboj sil dobra, zastoupen\u00fdch spasitelem Sao\u0161jantem, se silami zla. Po v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed Sao\u0161janta dojde ke vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed mrtv\u00fdch, spravedliv\u00fdch i nespravedliv\u00fdch. Nespravedliv\u00ed budou o\u010di\u0161t\u011bni ohn\u011bm, aby mohli vstoupit spolu se spravedliv\u00fdmi do stavu bla\u017eenosti. V zoroastrismu se hovo\u0159\u00ed a\u017e o \u010dty\u0159ech spasitel\u00edch, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed postupn\u011b vykon\u00e1vat sv\u00e9 d\u00edlo. Spasen\u00ed zavr\u0161\u00ed teprve posledn\u00ed z nich, jen\u017e se m\u00e1 narodit z panny oplodn\u011bn\u00e9 Zarathu\u0161trov\u00fdm semenem, ulo\u017een\u00e9m v jist\u00e9m jeze\u0159e, kde se panna bude koupat.<\/p>\n

Oslavy sv\u00e1tk\u016f:\u00a0kalend\u00e1\u0159 Fasl\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  • v\u017edy na jarn\u00ed rovnodennost, 21. b\u0159ezna<\/strong> \u2013 D\u017eam\u0161\u00e9d\u00ed Nour\u00faz, zoroastrijsk\u00fd Nov\u00fd rok<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • v\u017edy 5 dn\u00ed po jarn\u00ed rovnodennosti, tj. okolo 26. b\u0159ezna<\/strong> \u2013 Chord\u00e1d Sal, den narozen\u00ed proroka Zarathu\u0161try<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

     <\/p>\n

    \n

    Literatura:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Kevin Burns: V\u00fdchodn\u00ed filozofie: Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed myslitel\u00e9 od starov\u011bku po sou\u010dasnost<\/em>. Br\u00e1na, Praha 2013.
    \nOtakar Kl\u00edma: Ob\u011bti oh\u0148\u016fm<\/em>. Odeon, Praha 1985.
    \nOtakar Kl\u00edma: Zarathu\u0161tra<\/em>. Votobia, Olomouc 2002.<\/p>\n

    Filosofick\u00e1 d\u00edla:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Friedrich Nietzsche: Tak pravil Zarathustra<\/em>. Alois Srdce, Praha 1925.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Zoroastrismus \u010di zarathu\u0161trismus je \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 dualistick\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, jeho\u017e byl ve starov\u011bku zakladatelem prorok Zarathu\u0161tra, \u0159ec. Zoroaster. B\u00fdv\u00e1…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[799],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2941","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-jamu-ii-2020-2021","wpcat-799-id"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2941","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2941"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2941\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2941"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2941"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2941"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}