{"id":2912,"date":"2021-03-01T08:59:29","date_gmt":"2021-03-01T07:59:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/?p=2912"},"modified":"2021-03-01T08:59:29","modified_gmt":"2021-03-01T07:59:29","slug":"slavnost-zmrtvychvstani-pane","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/slavnost-zmrtvychvstani-pane\/","title":{"rendered":"Slavnost Zmrtv\u00fdchvst\u00e1n\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>Ozna\u010den\u00ed Velikonoc jako velk\u00e9 noci nebo velk\u00e9ho dne, kalk z \u0159eck\u00e9ho \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u1f21\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1, megal\u0113 h\u0113mer\u0101<\/em>, se vyskytuje i v \u0159ad\u011b dal\u0161\u00edch slovansk\u00fdch jazyk\u016f.<\/p>\n

Slovo \u201evelk\u00fd\u201c odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v\u00fdznam sv\u00e1tku v k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed a slovo \u201enoc\u201c odkazuje na velikono\u010dn\u00ed vigilie, no\u010dn\u00ed liturgii, kterou za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 oslava ned\u011bln\u00edho Zmrtv\u00fdchvst\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Slavnost Zmrtv\u00fdchvst\u00e1n\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b, t\u00e9\u017e Velikono\u010dn\u00ed ned\u011ble nebo Bo\u017e\u00ed hod velikono\u010dn\u00ed, je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed slavnost\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9ho c\u00edrkevn\u00edho roku, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e se slav\u00ed Kristovo zmrtv\u00fdchvst\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed nad smrt\u00ed a vykoupen\u00ed cel\u00e9ho lidstva.<\/p>\n

\n

Jednotn\u00e9 slaven\u00ed Velikonoc se ustanovilo a\u017e na\u00a0synod\u011b v Arles\u00a0314 a na\u00a0Prvn\u00edm nikajsk\u00e9m koncilu\u00a0roku\u00a0325, kde bylo rozhodnuto, \u017ee v\u00fdpo\u010det bude prov\u00e1d\u011bt biskup alexandrijsk\u00fd a datum vyhla\u0161ovat\u00a0biskup \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd. Koncil v\u0161ak nestanovil metodu v\u00fdpo\u010dtu a neshody mezi alexandrijsk\u00fdm a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdm datem pak p\u0159etrv\u00e1valy i nad\u00e1le. Teprve v\u00a06. stolet\u00ed zcela p\u0159evl\u00e1dl zp\u016fsob alexandrijsk\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed nikajsk\u00fd koncil stanovil, \u017ee k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 budou slavit Velikonoce ned\u011bli po prvn\u00edm jarn\u00edm \u00fapl\u0148ku a z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u017ee se toto datum nem\u00e1 kr\u00fdt s \u017eidovskou slavnost\u00ed Pesachu<\/em>. N\u011bkdy se tak i v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 latinsk\u00e9 Pascha<\/em>, kter\u00e9 p\u0159es \u0159e\u010dtinu poch\u00e1z\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b z hebrejsk\u00e9ho pesach<\/em>, n\u00e1zvu \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho sv\u00e1tku, na kter\u00fd Velikonoce navazuj\u00ed. Z tohoto slova je tak\u00e9 odvozen n\u00e1zev velikono\u010dn\u00ed sv\u00edce pa\u0161k\u00e1l<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Kvartodecim\u00e1ni, \u010dtrn\u00e1ctn\u00edci<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tradi\u010dn\u00ed\u00a0\u017eidovsk\u00fd kalend\u00e1\u0159\u00a0je\u00a0lunisol\u00e1rn\u00ed\u00a0a rok za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 jarn\u00edm m\u011bs\u00edcem\u00a0nisan.\u00a0Pesach\u00a0se slav\u00ed 14. dne m\u011bs\u00edce nisan, kdy je M\u011bs\u00edc 14 dn\u00ed star\u00fd a tedy v\u00a0\u00fapl\u0148ku. C\u00edrkve zalo\u017een\u00e9\u00a0sv. apo\u0161tolem Janem\u00a0se dr\u017eely oby\u010deje konat Paschu v term\u00ednu jarn\u00edho \u00fapl\u0148ku, bez ohledu na to, na kter\u00fd den v t\u00fddnu p\u0159ipad\u00e1. Tito k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 byli ozna\u010dov\u00e1ni jako\u00a0kvartodecim\u00e1ni, \u201e\u010dtrn\u00e1ctn\u00edci\u201c.<\/p>\n

Brzy vypukly mezi k\u0159es\u0165any o datum slaven\u00ed Velikonoc v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 spory, shodovali se v\u0161ak na souvislosti data s\u00a0jarn\u00edm \u00fapl\u0148kem. \u010c\u00e1st k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f p\u0159enesla sv\u00e1tek na\u00a0ned\u011bli, den Kristova zmrtv\u00fdchvst\u00e1n\u00ed, a aby jej odlou\u010dila od \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho pesachu. Datum jarn\u00edho \u00fapl\u0148ku ale z\u016fstalo z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na \u017eidovsk\u00e9m kalend\u00e1\u0159i, samostatn\u011b je za\u010dali k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1vat ve 3. stolet\u00ed, ale odli\u0161n\u011b v\u00a0hlavn\u00edch centrech k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed, v\u00a0Alexandrii\u00a0a\u00a0\u0158\u00edm\u011b.<\/p>\n

\n

Ned\u011bli Zmrtv\u00fdchvst\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edch\u00e1z\u00ed Velikono\u010dn\u00ed vigilie, bohoslu\u017eba noci – Vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed v sobotu ve\u010der -, v n\u00ed\u017e byl Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en.<\/p>\n

Oslava Velikonoc bezprost\u0159edn\u011b trv\u00e1 po cel\u00fd velikono\u010dn\u00ed okt\u00e1v<\/em>, av\u0161ak velikono\u010dn\u00ed doba jako takov\u00e1 kon\u010d\u00ed a\u017e 50. dne, slavnost\u00ed Sesl\u00e1n\u00ed Ducha svat\u00e9ho, Letnice.<\/p>\n

Velikono\u010dn\u00ed okt\u00e1v je t\u00fdden liturgick\u00e9ho roku, kter\u00fd za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 ned\u011bl\u00ed Zmrtv\u00fdchvst\u00e1n\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b a kon\u010d\u00ed na B\u00edlou ned\u011bli, tj. 2. ned\u011bli velikono\u010dn\u00ed (o 7 dn\u00ed pozd\u011bji, v\u010detn\u011b Velikono\u010dn\u00ed ned\u011ble celkem 8 dn\u00ed, proto okt\u00e1v). V k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed jsou Velikonoce nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm sv\u00e1tkem, a proto je samotn\u00fd den slavnosti jakoby prodlou\u017een do osmi dn\u00ed, kdy si v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed m\u00e1 uv\u011bdomit velikost a v\u00fdznam Kristova vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed pro sv\u016fj \u017eivot.<\/p>\n

V d\u011bjin\u00e1ch c\u00edrkve prob\u00edhaly v tomto t\u00fddnu katecheze (k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed) neofyt\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed nos\u00edvali po cel\u00fd t\u00fdden b\u00edl\u00e9 roucho na znamen\u00ed toho, \u201e\u017ee obl\u00e9kli Krista\u201c.<\/p>\n

Okt\u00e1v je charakterizov\u00e1n radost\u00ed z vykoupen\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka P\u00e1nem Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161em Kristem, kter\u00fd v \u010dlov\u011bku p\u016fsob\u00ed skrze k\u0159est, ostatn\u00ed sv\u00e1tosti a dal\u0161\u00edmi zp\u016fsoby.<\/p>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd den velikono\u010dn\u00edho okt\u00e1vu m\u00e1 v\u00a0liturgii\u00a0vlastn\u00ed\u00a0me\u0161n\u00ed formul\u00e1\u0159. V\u00a0bohoslu\u017eb\u011b slova\u00a0se \u010dtou\u00a0Skutky apo\u0161tol\u016f\u00a0a\u00a0evangelia\u00a0o Kristov\u011b vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed a odpov\u011bdi u\u010dedn\u00edk\u016f na tuto ud\u00e1lost. V dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b je b\u011b\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee se slavnost velikono\u010dn\u00edho okt\u00e1vu odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed pouze v druh\u00e9m z t\u011bchto dn\u00ed, toti\u017e ve\u00a0Velikono\u010dn\u00edm pond\u011bl\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je dnem pracovn\u00edho klidu a kdy se t\u00e9\u017e dopoledne slav\u00ed slavnostn\u00ed liturgie.<\/p>\n

Velikonoce\u00a0nemaj\u00ed pevn\u011b dan\u00e9 datum, ale jsou to tzv.\u00a0pohybliv\u00e9 sv\u00e1tky\u00a0\u2013 datum se m\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0z\u00e1vislosti na datu prvn\u00edho\u00a0\u00fapl\u0148ku\u00a0po\u00a0jarn\u00ed rovnodennosti.\u00a0V\u00fdpo\u010det data Velikonoc<\/a>\u00a0je postup, kter\u00fdm lze datum\u00a0velikono\u010dn\u00ed ned\u011ble\u00a0a t\u00edm i dal\u0161\u00edch souvisej\u00edc\u00edch sv\u00e1tk\u016f ur\u010dit vypo\u010dten\u00edm\u00a0f\u00e1z\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edce\u00a0pro dan\u00fd rok. V\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch\u00a0c\u00edrkv\u00edch\u00a0se\u00a0metodika\u00a0a v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 datum m\u016f\u017ee li\u0161it.<\/p>\n

Od data Velikonoc je odvozeno stanoven\u00ed data dal\u0161\u00edch pohybliv\u00fdch sv\u00e1tk\u016f \u2013\u00a0Nanebevstoupen\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b,\u00a0Letnic,\u00a0sv\u00e1tku Nejsv\u011bt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Trojice\u00a0a\u00a0Slavnosti T\u011bla a Krve P\u00e1n\u011b.<\/p>\n

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Historie<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nejstar\u0161\u00edm sv\u011bdectv\u00edm o\u00a0slaven\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch Velikonoc (tehdy ov\u0161em to byla\u00a0pascha<\/em>, v origin\u00e1le \u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03c7\u03b1, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zm\u00ednka v listech apo\u0161tola Pavla kolem roku 50.<\/p>\n

Nejstar\u0161\u00edmi mimobiblick\u00fdmi doklady jsou pak spory 2. stolet\u00ed o datum slaven\u00ed \u201eVelikonoc\u201c a spis Peri Pascha<\/em> Melitona ze Sard z 2. stolet\u00ed. Slaven\u00ed Velikonoc se tedy v c\u00edrkvi objevilo velmi brzy a ji\u017e od po\u010d\u00e1tku je v\u00fdznamov\u011b prov\u00e1z\u00e1no s \u017eidovskou oslavou Pesachu, jej\u00ed\u017e prvky dodnes v sob\u011b nese.<\/p>\n

Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ovo projit\u00ed smrt\u00ed a vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 ch\u00e1pou jako napln\u011bn\u00ed\u00a0staroz\u00e1konn\u00edho\u00a0obrazu p\u0159ejit\u00ed Izraelit\u016f\u00a0Rud\u00fdm mo\u0159em\u00a0p\u0159i odchodu z\u00a0Egypta. Oslava Velikonoc tradi\u010dn\u011b trv\u00e1 cel\u00fdch pades\u00e1t dn\u00ed (tzv.\u00a0velikono\u010dn\u00ed doba), kter\u00e9 vrchol\u00ed sv\u00e1tkem Sesl\u00e1n\u00ed Ducha svat\u00e9ho \u2013\u00a0letnicemi.<\/p>\n

Velikonoce podle katolick\u00e9 tradice za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed\u00a0vigili\u00ed\u00a0ned\u011ble Vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed (kter\u00e1 zavr\u0161uje\u00a0velikono\u010dn\u00ed triduum\u00a0Zelen\u00e9ho \u010dtvrtku,\u00a0Velk\u00e9ho p\u00e1tku\u00a0a\u00a0B\u00edl\u00e9 soboty<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed t\u00fdden Velikonoc se naz\u00fdv\u00e1\u00a0Velikono\u010dn\u00ed okt\u00e1v. 40. den Velikonoc je slavnost\u00a0Nanebevstoupen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161\u016fv v\u00fdstup ze zem\u011b do nebe a jeho oslaven\u00ed u\u00a0Otce.<\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b:<\/p>\n

\u2192 Velikono\u010dn\u00ed symboly
\n\u2192 Nen\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 velikono\u010dn\u00ed tradice
\n<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ozna\u010den\u00ed Velikonoc jako velk\u00e9 noci nebo velk\u00e9ho dne, kalk z \u0159eck\u00e9ho \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u1f21\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1, megal\u0113 h\u0113mer\u0101, se vyskytuje…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2913,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[799],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2912","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jamu-ii-2020-2021","wpcat-799-id"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2912","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2912"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2912\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2913"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2912"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2912"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2912"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}