{"id":2640,"date":"2020-10-26T22:13:14","date_gmt":"2020-10-26T20:13:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/?p=2640"},"modified":"2020-10-26T22:13:14","modified_gmt":"2020-10-26T20:13:14","slug":"vanoce","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/vanoce\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00e1noce"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

Druidsk\u00fd sv\u00e1tek V\u00e1noc<\/em><\/p>\n

Sv\u00e1tek dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho p\u00e1t\u00e9ho prosince slavili druidov\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii a Irsku zapalov\u00e1n\u00edm velk\u00fdch oh\u0148\u016f na vrcholc\u00edch hor.<\/p>\n

Tento sv\u00e1tek se opakoval dvan\u00e1ct\u00e9ho dne neboli to, \u010demu \u0159\u00edk\u00e1me sv\u00e1tek T\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f (Zjeven\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b). V\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch kon\u010din\u00e1ch zem\u011b se tradice zapalov\u00e1n\u00ed oh\u0148\u016f st\u00e1le udr\u017euje. Nedochovala se \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 p\u00edsemn\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va o to, co bylo u britsk\u00fdch druid\u016f p\u0159edm\u011btem tohoto sv\u00e1tku, nebo jak vzniklo jeho jm\u00e9no, ale mo\u017en\u00e1 se k\u00a0tomu dostaneme z\u00a0okolnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jej obklopuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Druidsk\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d byl b\u011b\u017en\u00fd ve Francii a na Britsk\u00fdch ostrovech. V\u00e1noce se francouzsky \u0159eknou Noel<\/em>; toto slovo poch\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0hebrejsk\u00e9ho nebo chaldejsk\u00e9ho slova \u05e0\u05d5\u05dc\u05d4, nule<\/em>. Kdyby tomu tak bylo v chaldejsk\u00e9m dialektu, pak by bylo posledn\u00ed p\u00edsmeno zd\u016frazn\u011bno, jako je tomu ve slov\u011b \u05de\u05dc\u05db\u05d4, mlk-e<\/em>, \u201ekr\u00e1l\u201c.[1]<\/a> V\u00a0tom p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b to mus\u00ed znamenat porod<\/em>; nebo jde prost\u011b o sloveso pariri<\/em>, \u201erodit\u201c. V\u00a0Irsku se prvn\u00ed sv\u00e1tek v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed naz\u00fdv\u00e1 Nolagh<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>V\u00a0cornwall\u0161tin\u011b je prvn\u00ed sv\u00e1tek v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed Nadelig<\/em>; v armori\u010dtin\u011b Nadelek<\/em>; v gal\u0161tin\u011b Nollig<\/em>.<\/p>\n

St\u00e1le zelen\u00e9 rostliny a obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b jmel\u00ed, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 po cel\u00e9 zemi, a to dokonce i v\u00a0Lond\u00fdn\u011b o tomto sv\u00e1tku, jen\u017e nazna\u010duje sv\u016fj druidsk\u00fd p\u016fvod. S k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00edm nem\u00e1 nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n

V G\u00e1lii, v\u00edce ne\u017e sto let p\u0159ed po\u010d\u00e1tkem k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 \u00e9ry, byl v oblasti Chartres slaven sv\u00e1tek na po\u010dest Panny \u2013 Virgini pariturae<\/em>.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

Roku 1747 byl v\u00a0Oxfordu nalezen mithraistick\u00fd monument,[3]<\/a> na n\u011bm\u017e je \u017eena koj\u00edc\u00ed d\u00edt\u011b \u2013 tedy Bohyn\u011b roku koj\u00edc\u00ed Boha dne. Stukeley o tomto monument napsal, \u017ee jde o p\u0159ipomenut\u00ed narozen\u00ed Mithry za noci sv\u011btla.<\/p>\n

Protestant\u00e9 by si m\u011bli rozpomenout, \u017ee jejich zvyk dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch sv\u00e1tk\u016f je jen zlomkem star\u00e9ho dne oslav, kter\u00fd se je\u0161t\u011b i dnes udr\u017euje mezi v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edmi \u0159\u00edmskokatolick\u00e9 c\u00edrkve.<\/p>\n

Jde o poz\u016fstatek prastar\u00e9ho etrusk\u00e9ho uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Panny a D\u00edt\u011bte, tou byla bohyn\u011b Nurtia (odtud angl. nurse<\/em>). A d\u016fkaz toho lze nal\u00e9zt v knize Gorius Tuscan Antiquities<\/em>,[4]<\/a> v\u00a0n\u00ed\u017e \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e najde obr\u00e1zek star\u00e9 etrusk\u00e9 bohyn\u011b s\u00a0d\u00edt\u011btem v n\u00e1ru\u010d\u00ed. Nen\u00ed pochyb, \u017ee by ji \u0159\u00edmskokatolick\u00e1 c\u00edrkev ozna\u010dila za Madonu, nane\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed pro ni je jej\u00ed jm\u00e9no, Nurtia, vyvedeno v\u00a0etrusk\u00e9m p\u00edsmu podle jejich zvyku na rameni.<\/p>\n

\u0160lo tak\u00e9 o velikou perskou slavnost, kterou se za d\u00e1vn\u00fdch dob oslavovalo narozen\u00ed jejich Boha \u2013 Mithry.<\/p>\n

D\u00e1vno p\u0159ed narozen\u00edm Krista bylo pohansk\u00fdm zvykem slavit dny narozen\u00ed sv\u00fdch boh\u016f. je to z\u00e1rove\u0148 p\u0159\u00edklad, kter\u00fd k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f \u2013 ne moc moud\u0159e \u2013 n\u00e1sledovali.<\/p>\n

Mezi v\u0161emi starov\u011bk\u00fdmi sv\u00e1tky je \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd den mo\u017en\u00e1 t\u00edm v\u016fbec nejpodivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm. Tvrzen\u00ed zde uveden\u00e9 prav\u00ed, \u017ee nejde o nic jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e o poz\u016fstatek pobo\u017enosti druid\u016f, co\u017e zpo\u010d\u00e1tku rozru\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edstavivost mnoha lid\u00ed; ale a\u0165 u\u017e je \u010dten\u00e1\u0159 stoupencem katolick\u00e9 c\u00edrkve nebo protestantem, nen\u00ed-li jeho ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed zcela zaslepeno pov\u011brami, okam\u017eit\u011b pochop\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159edstaven\u00ed c\u00edrkve ur\u010dili dny pro ka\u017ed\u00fd konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed ob\u0159ad, a a\u0165 u\u017e p\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru dne postupovali spr\u00e1vn\u011b nebo se m\u00fdlili, nem\u016f\u017ee to nijak v\u00e1\u017en\u011b ohrozit ot\u00e1zku pravdivosti k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed.[5]<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Germ\u00e1nsk\u00fd sv\u00e1tek V\u00e1noc<\/em><\/p>\n

Na severu byl Freyrovi[6]<\/a> ob\u011btov\u00e1n \u2013 jako sm\u00edr\u010d\u00ed ob\u011b\u0165 \u2013 kanec, s\u00f4narg\u00f6ltr<\/em>, a \u0161lo o pravidelnou ob\u011b\u0165; ve \u0160v\u00e9dsku se a\u017e do modern\u00edch \u010das\u016f dochoval zvyk p\u00e9ct o \u0160t\u011bdr\u00e9m ve\u010deru bochn\u00edky a kol\u00e1\u010dky ve tvaru kance.<\/p>\n

I v\u00a0N\u011bmecku se dochovaly stopy uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed kance se zlat\u00fdmi \u0161t\u011btinami<\/em>, jeho\u017e p\u0159edlohou byla \u201ev\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e1 svin\u011b (n. kanec)\u201c Hildisv\u00edni, na n\u00ed\u017e Freya vyr\u00e1\u017eela do bitvy.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Fr\u00f8lich: Hyndla a Freia<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Podle lidov\u00fdch pov\u011br v\u00a0Durynsku ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo se na \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd den zdr\u017e\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho j\u00eddla a\u017e do ve\u010de\u0159e, uvid\u00ed zlat\u00e9 pras\u00e1tko<\/em>, za star\u00fdch \u010das\u016f se toti\u017e p\u0159edkl\u00e1dalo p\u0159i ve\u010dern\u00ed hostin\u011b. Lauterbach\u016fv v\u00fdnos (weisthum<\/em>) z roku 1589 na\u0159izoval, \u017ee dvoranu, kde se po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1 ve\u010der t\u0159\u00edkr\u00e1lov\u00fd,[7]<\/a> tedy v\u00a0\u010das v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed (Yule<\/em>), by m\u011bli majitel\u00e9 dvorc\u016f (h\u00fcbner<\/em>) zaopat\u0159it \u010dist\u00fdm a vykle\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdm sel\u00e1tkem,[8]<\/a> kter\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b nebylo odstaveno od prasnice; pak jej vedli kolem lavic a n\u00e1sledn\u011b bezpochyby porazili. Podobn\u011b byla mezi Vel\u0161any ob\u011btov\u00e1na boh\u016fm svin\u011b, a dostala se a\u017e na kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fd st\u016fl. Jde o anglosask\u00fd zvyk, \u201esw\u00een<\/em> ealgylden<\/em>, cofor<\/em> \u00eerenheard<\/em>\u201c, a m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edmou n\u00e1vaznost na uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Fr\u00f4ha (Freyra). \u0158ekov\u00e9 p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161eli v ob\u011b\u0165 svini (bachyni) bohyni D\u00e9m\u00e9t\u00e9r (Ceres), kter\u00e1 jako bohyn\u011b Nerthus[9]<\/a> stoj\u00ed pobl\u00ed\u017e Ni\u00f6r\u00f0ra, Freyra a Freyji.<\/p>\n

* * *<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

[1]<\/a> Dan 2,11.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Panna, kter\u00e1 porod\u00ed.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Byla tam nalezena Mithrova svatyn\u011b zalo\u017een\u00e1 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b \u0158\u00edmany. Mithr\u016fv kult na\u0161el stoupence v n\u00e1bo\u017eensky tolerantn\u00edm hel\u00e9nistick\u00e9m St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed a pozd\u011bji tak\u00e9 v \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i, kde se hojn\u011b \u0161\u00ed\u0159il b\u011bhem 1. stolet\u00ed n. l.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Franciscus Gorius: Statuae antiquae deorum et virorum illustrium<\/em> (1734).<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Godfrey Higgins: The Celtic Druids; or, An Attempt to show that the Druids were the Priests of Oriental Colonies, who emigrated from India<\/em>. Robert Hunter, Lond\u00fdn 1827, str. 162-4.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> Frey nebo Freyr je b\u016fh ze star\u00e9 seversk\u00e9 mytologie, syn Nj\u00f6rda, man\u017eel Gerdy, Freyin bratr, patron plodnosti, m\u00edru a prosperity, vl\u00e1dce b\u00edl\u00fdch \u00c1lf\u016f.<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> Ve\u010der t\u0159\u00edkr\u00e1lov\u00fd ozna\u010duje dvan\u00e1ctou noc od Narozen\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b, tedy 6. ledna, sv\u00e1tek T\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> Z praindoevropsk\u00e9ho jazyka perk <\/em>(srv. angl. pork<\/em>), tj. \u201esv\u011bt, t\u011blo, \u017eivot, duch, s\u00edla, strom\u201c, d\u00e1le ferhuz, st. angl. feorh, feorg<\/em> (angl. goldferch, gold-hog<\/em>), norsky fj\u01ebrr<\/em>.<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> Nerthus (Ner\u00deuz) je germ\u00e1nsk\u00e1 bohyn\u011b plodnosti, kter\u00e1 byla ct\u011bna sv\u00e9bsk\u00fdmi kmeny.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Druidsk\u00fd sv\u00e1tek V\u00e1noc Sv\u00e1tek dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho p\u00e1t\u00e9ho prosince slavili druidov\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii a Irsku zapalov\u00e1n\u00edm velk\u00fdch oh\u0148\u016f na…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2645,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[799],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2640","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jamu-ii-2020-2021","wpcat-799-id"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2640","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2640"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2640\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2645"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2640"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2640"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2640"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}