{"id":1931,"date":"2016-10-09T13:06:04","date_gmt":"2016-10-09T11:06:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/?p=1931"},"modified":"2016-10-10T07:00:32","modified_gmt":"2016-10-10T05:00:32","slug":"bratri-grimmove-jak-veseli-mesic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/bratri-grimmove-jak-veseli-mesic\/","title":{"rendered":"Brat\u0159i Grimmov\u00e9: Jak v\u011b\u0161eli M\u011bs\u00edc"},"content":{"rendered":"

Lidov\u00e1 poh\u00e1dka Der Mond<\/em> je ze sb\u00edrky poh\u00e1dek brat\u0159\u00ed Grimm\u016f Kinder-und Hausm\u00e4rchen<\/em> (1812-15, 1822, 1857).<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

P<\/span>\u0159ed d\u00e1vn\u00fdmi \u010dasy byla jedna zem\u011b, ve kter\u00e9 byla v noci st\u00e1le tma a nebe se nad n\u00ed rozprost\u00edralo jako \u010dern\u00fd koberec<\/em><\/strong>. V t\u00e9hle zemi nikdy nevych\u00e1zel m\u011bs\u00edc a nesv\u00edtily tam ani hv\u011bzdy, proto\u017ee to tak P\u00e1nubohu p\u0159i stvo\u0159en\u00ed sv\u011bta sta\u010dilo. Jednou odtud vyrazili na vandr \u010dty\u0159i chasn\u00edci<\/em> a ti p\u0159i\u0161li do jin\u00e9 zem\u011b<\/em><\/strong>, kterou ve\u010der<\/em><\/strong>, kdy\u017e slunce<\/em><\/strong> zmizelo za horami, zal\u00e9vala m\u011bkk\u00fdm sv\u011btlem velk\u00e1 z\u00e1\u0159\u00edc\u00ed koule, kter\u00e1 visela na jednom dubu<\/em><\/strong>. Sv\u011btla bylo tolik, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk mohl vid\u011bt i rozezn\u00e1vat v\u011bci, i kdy\u017e ne tak mnoho jako za b\u00edl\u00e9ho dne. Vandrovn\u00edci se \u00fadivem zastavili a ptali se jednoho sedl\u00e1ka, kter\u00fd jel kolem s vozem, co je to za sv\u011btlo. \u201eTo je n\u00e1\u0161 m\u011bs\u00edc!\u201c odv\u011btil tento: \u201eStarosta ho koupil za t\u0159i zlat\u00e9 a pov\u011bsil na dub. Denn\u011b dol\u00e9v\u00e1 olej a udr\u017euje ho v\u00a0\u010distot\u011b, aby z\u00e1\u0159il co nejjasn\u011bji. Za to od n\u00e1s dost\u00e1v\u00e1 t\u00fddn\u011b jeden zlat\u00fd.\u201c<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e sedl\u00e1k odjel, jeden z chasn\u00edk\u016f \u0159ekl: \u201eTu by bylo n\u011bco! M\u00edt takovou lampu, pov\u011bs\u00edme si ji taky na dub! V\u0161ak ten n\u00e1\u0161 nen\u00ed o nic men\u0161\u00ed. To by bylo u n\u00e1s radosti, u\u017e bychom neklop\u00fdtali ve tm\u011b jako krtkov\u00e9<\/em><\/strong>.\u201c \u201eV\u00edte co?\u201c p\u0159ihodil ten druh\u00fd: \u201eVezmeme v\u016fz a kon\u011b a ten m\u011bs\u00edc odvezeme. V\u0161ak oni si mohou koupit jin\u00fd!\u201c \u201eJ\u00e1 um\u00edm dob\u0159e \u0161plhat,\u201c p\u0159idal se ten t\u0159et\u00ed: \u201ej\u00e1 ho sund\u00e1m dol\u016f.\u201c Ten \u010dtvrt\u00fd p\u0159ivezl v\u016fz s ko\u0148mi, ten t\u0159et\u00ed vylezl na strom, vydloubal do m\u011bs\u00edce otvor, t\u00edm prot\u00e1hl provaz a sundal ho dol\u016f. Kdy\u017e z\u00e1\u0159\u00edc\u00ed koule le\u017eela na voze, zakryli ji \u0161\u00e1tky, aby nikdo tu loupe\u017e nezpozoroval.<\/p>\n

\u0160\u0165astn\u011b dorazili dom\u016f, kde m\u011bs\u00edc pov\u011bsili na jeden vysok\u00fd dub<\/em><\/strong>. Mlad\u00ed i sta\u0159\u00ed se radovali, kdy\u017e sv\u011btlo z nov\u00e9 lampy posv\u00edtilo na v\u0161echna pole a zahrady, do v\u0161ech sv\u011btnic a komor<\/em><\/strong>. Ze sv\u00fdch skaln\u00edch sluj\u00ed vyl\u00e9zali p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed trpasl\u00edci, hejk\u00e1lkov\u00e9 v \u010derven\u00fdch kab\u00e1tc\u00edch<\/em><\/strong> samou radosti tancovali na louk\u00e1ch sv\u016fj kolov\u00fd tanec. Tolik bylo v t\u00e9 zemi radosti! Ti \u010dty\u0159i chasn\u00edci, co m\u011bs\u00edc obstarali, jej pak po cel\u00fd \u010das zaopat\u0159ovali olejem, \u010distili knot a za to obdr\u017eeli jednou t\u00fddn\u011b zla\u0165\u00e1k.<\/p>\n

A b\u011b\u017eel \u010das, jak b\u00fdv\u00e1 jeho zvykem, ne\u00faprosn\u011b a bez ust\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Chasn\u00edci zest\u00e1rnuli, a kdy\u017e jeden onemocn\u011bl a poznal, \u017ee m\u00e1 na kah\u00e1nku, ustanovil, \u017ee jedna \u010dtvrtina m\u011bs\u00edce<\/em><\/strong>, kter\u00e1 je jeho majetek, bude poh\u0159bena spolu s n\u00edm<\/em><\/strong>. Kdy\u017e um\u0159el, vystoupil starosta na dub, kde u\u0159\u00edznul jednu \u010dtvrtinu m\u011bs\u00edce, aby ji polo\u017eil do rakve<\/em><\/strong>. Sv\u011btlo m\u011bs\u00edce ubylo, ale je\u0161t\u011b ne p\u0159\u00edli\u0161, aby to lidi n\u011bjak poc\u00edtili. Kdy\u017e v\u0161ak zem\u0159el ten druh\u00fd a polo\u017eili mu do hrobu dal\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st m\u011bs\u00edce, sv\u011btla ubylo ji\u017e znateln\u011b. Je\u0161t\u011b slab\u0161\u00ed bylo po smrti toho t\u0159et\u00edho, kter\u00fd si s sebou do hrobu rovn\u011b\u017e vzal sv\u016fj d\u00edl, a kdy\u017e poh\u0159b\u00edvali toho \u010dtvrt\u00e9ho, nastala op\u011bt \u010derno\u010dern\u00e1 tma<\/em><\/strong>. Kdo vy\u0161el ve\u010der bez lucerny, zp\u0159el\u00e1mal si hn\u00e1ty.<\/p>\n

V podzemn\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161i se to zat\u00edm m\u011blo k povyku<\/em><\/strong>. Ty \u010dty\u0159i \u010d\u00e1sti m\u011bs\u00edce se tam toti\u017e zase spojily a mrtv\u00ed, uvykl\u00ed na v\u011b\u010dnou tmu, zneklidn\u011bli a probouzeli se ze sp\u00e1nku<\/em><\/strong>. Podivili se, \u017ee op\u011bt vid\u00ed, m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed sv\u011btlo jim toti\u017e sta\u010dilo, nebo\u0165 jejich o\u010di byly u\u017e slab\u00e9, slune\u010dn\u00ed sv\u011btlo by neunesly. Mrtv\u00ed vstali a veselili se a m\u011bli se ke star\u00fdm \u017eivotn\u00edm zp\u016fsob\u016fm. Jednu chv\u00edli tancovali a hr\u00e1li v karty, pak b\u011b\u017eeli do hostinc\u016f, kde si porou\u010deli v\u00edno, aby se opili, pak zu\u0159ili a ha\u0161te\u0159ili se, ke konci popadli kyje a palice, aby si napr\u00e1skali. Inu podivn\u00e9 jsou zvyky umrlc\u016f!<\/p>\n

Ten povyk a hlomoz byl tak stra\u0161liv\u00fd, \u017ee dorazil a\u017e nahoru do nebe<\/em><\/strong>. Svat\u00fd Petr, kter\u00fd hl\u00edd\u00e1 nebeskou br\u00e1nu, si pomyslil, \u017ee se v z\u00e1hrob\u00ed snad sb\u00edraj\u00ed ke vzpou\u0159e, a tak nelenil a svolal nebesk\u00e9 vojsko, aby nep\u0159\u00edtele, kter\u00fd za\u00fato\u010d\u00ed co nevid\u011bt, zahnalo zp\u011bt. Ale nep\u0159\u00edtel se neobjevoval a to lomozen\u00ed neust\u00e1valo. Tak se nakonec Svat\u00fd Petr sebral a jel se do z\u00e1hrob\u00ed pod\u00edvat.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e vid\u011bl, co je p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou toho nad\u011blen\u00ed, povolal mrtv\u00e9 k pokoji, poru\u010dil jim op\u011bt ulehnout do hrobu a ten m\u011bs\u00edc jim sebral. Vzal ho sebou do nebe a tam ho pov\u011bsil<\/em><\/strong>. A bylo to!<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

Literatura:<\/em><\/p>\n

Imanuel Velikovsky: Sv\u011bty v\u00a0kolizi<\/em>. Pr\u00e1ce, Praha 1993.<\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\n

The Earth Without the Moon<\/b><\/span><\/h1>\n

 <\/p>\n

The period when the Earth was Moonless is probably the most remote recollection of mankind. Democritus and Anaxagoras taught that there was a time when the Earth was without the Moon.[1] Aristotle wrote that Arcadia in Greece, before being inhabited by the Hellenes, had a population of Pelasgians, and that these aborigines occupied the land already before there was a moon in the sky above the Earth; for this reason they were called Proselenes.[2]<\/span><\/p>\n

Apollonius of Rhodes mentioned the time \u201cwhen not all the orbs were yet in the heavens, before the Danai and Deukalion races came into existence, and only the Arcadians lived, of whom it is said that they dwelt on mountains and fed on acorns, before there was a moon.\u201d[3]<\/span><\/p>\n

Plutarch wrote in The Roman Questions:<\/i> \u201cThere were Arcadians of Evander\u2019s following, the so-called pre-Lunar people.\u201d[4] Similarly wrote Ovid: \u201cThe Arcadians are said to have possessed their land before the birth of Jove, and the folk is older than the Moon.\u201d[5] Hippolytus refers to a legend that \u201cArcadia brought forth Pelasgus, of greater antiquity than the moon.\u201d[6] Lucian in his Astrology<\/i> says that \u201cthe Arcadians affirm in their folly that they are older than the moon.\u201d[7]<\/span><\/p>\n

Censorinus also alludes to the time in the past when there was no moon in the sky.[8]<\/span><\/p>\n

Some allusions to the time before there was a Moon may be found also in the Scriptures. In Job 25:5 the grandeur of the Lord who \u201cMakes peace in the heights\u201d is praised and the time is mentioned \u201cbefore [there was] a moon and it did not shine.\u201d Also in Psalm 72:5 it is said: \u201cThou wast feared since [the time of] the sun and before [the time of] the moon, a generation of generations.\u201d A \u201cgeneration of generations\u201d means a very long time. Of course, it is of no use to counter this psalm with the myth of the first chapter of Genesis, a tale brought down from exotic and later sources.<\/span><\/p>\n

The memory of a world without a moon lives in oral tradition among the Indians. The Indians of the Bogota highlands in the eastern Cordilleras of Colombia relate some of their tribal reminiscences to the time before there was a moon. \u201cIn the earliest times, when the moon was not yet in the heavens,\u201d say the tribesmen of Chibchas.[9]<\/span><\/p>\n

There are currently three theories of the origin of the moon:<\/span><\/p>\n

1) The Moon originated at the same time as the Earth, being formed substantially from the same material, aggregating and solidifying.<\/span><\/p>\n

2) The Moon was formed not in the vicinity of the Earth, but in a different part of the solar system, and was later captured by the Earth.<\/span><\/p>\n

3) The Moon was originally a portion of the terrestrial crust and was torn out, leaving behind the bed of the Pacific.<\/span><\/p>\n

All three theories claim the presence of the Moon on an orbit around the Earth for billions of years. Mythology may supply each of these views with some support (Genesis I for the first view; the birth of Aphrodite from the sea for the third view; Aphrodite\u2019s origin in the disruption of Uranus, and also the violence of Sin\u2014the Babylonian Moon\u2014seems to support the second view).<\/span><\/p>\n

Since mankind on both sides of the Atlantic preserved the memory of a time when the Earth was without the Moon, the first hypothesis, namely, of the Moon originating simultaneously with the Earth and in its vicinity, is to be excluded, leaving the other two hypotheses to compete between themselves.<\/span><\/p>\n

We have seen that the traditions of diverse peoples offer corroborative testimony to the effect that in a very early age, but still in the memory of mankind, no moon accompanied the Earth.[10] Since human beings already peopled the Earth, it is improbable that the Moon sprang from it: there must have existed a solid lithosphere, not a liquid earth. Thus while I do not claim to know the origin of the Moon, I find it more probable that the Moon was captured by the Earth. Such an event would have occurred as a catastrophe.[11] If the Moon\u2019s formation took place away from the Earth,[12] its composition may be quite different.<\/span><\/p>\n

There is no evidence to suggest whether the Moon was a planet, a satellite of another planet, or a comet at the time of its capture by the Earth. Whatever atmosphere it may have had[13] was pulled away by the Earth, by other contacting bodies, or dissipated in some other way.<\/span><\/p>\n

Since the time the Moon began to accompany the Earth, it underwent the influence of contacts with comets and planets that passed near the Earth in subsequent ages. The mass of the Moon being less than that of the Earth, the Moon must have suffered greater disturbances in cosmic contacts. During these contacts the Moon was not carried away: this is due to the fact that no body more powerful than the Earth came sufficiently close to the Moon to take it away from the Earth for good; but in the contacts that took place the Moon was removed repeatedly from one orbit to another.<\/span><\/p>\n

The variations in the position of the Moon can be read in the variations in the length of the month. The length of the month repeatedly changed in subseqent catastrophic events\u2014and for this there exists a large amount of supporting evidence. In these later occurrences the Moon played a passive role, and Zeus in the Iliad<\/i> advised it (Aphrodite) to stay out of the battle in which Athene and Ares (Venus and Mars) were the main contestants.<\/span><\/p>\n

*<\/span><\/p>\n

References<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

1. Hippolytus, Refutatio Omnium Haeresium <\/i>V. ii.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Aristotle, fr. 591 (ed. V. Rose [Teubner:Tuebingen, 1886] ). Cf. Pauly\u2019s Realencyclopaedie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft,<\/i> article \u201cMond\u201d ; H. Roscher, Lexicon d. griech. und roemisch. Mythologie,<\/i> article \u201cProselenes.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Argonautica <\/i>IV.264.<\/span><\/p>\n

4. Plutarch, Moralia,<\/i> transl. by F. C. Babbit, sect. 76.<\/span><\/p>\n

5. Fasti, <\/i>transl. by Sir J. Frazer, II. 290.<\/span><\/p>\n

6. Refutatio Omnium Haeresium <\/i>V. ii.<\/span><\/p>\n

7. Lucian, Astrology,<\/i> transl. by A. M. Harmon (1936), p. 367, par. 26.<\/span><\/p>\n

8. Liber de die natali<\/i> 19; also scholium on Aristophanes\u2019 Clouds,<\/i> line 398.<\/span><\/p>\n

9. A. von Humboldt, Vues des Cordill\u00e8res <\/i>(1816), English transl.: Researches Concerning the Institutions and Monuments of the Ancient Inhabitants of America,<\/i> (1814), vol. I, p. 87; cf. H. Fischer, In mondener Welt <\/i>(1930), p. 145.<\/span><\/p>\n

10. [In addition to the sources cited above, cf. The Nihongi Chronicles of Japan<\/i> (I.ii, in Transactions and Proceedings of the Japanese Society,<\/i> vol. I [1896]) which recount how \u201cHeaven and Earth . . . produced the Moon-god.\u201d The Kalevala<\/i> of the Finns recalls a time \u201cwhen the Moon was placed in orbit.\u201d (Rune III.35)]<\/span><\/p>\n

11. [Cf. the effects of such an event on the Earth\u2019s rotation calculated by H. Gerstenkorn in Zeitschrift fuer Astrophysik,<\/i> 36 (1955), p. 245; cf. idem, in Mantles of the Earth and the Terrestrial Planets,<\/i> S. K. Runcorn ed., (New York, 1967); also idem in Icarus <\/i>9 (1968), p. 394.]<\/span><\/p>\n

12. [Cf. H. Alfven and G. Arrhenius, \u201cTwo Alternatives for the History of the Moon,\u201d Science<\/i> 165 (1969), 11ff.; S. F. Singer and L. W. Banderman, \u201cWhere was the Moon Formed?\u201d Science<\/i> 170 (1970), 438-439: \u201c . . . The moon was formed independently of the earth and later captured, presumably by a three-body interaction, and these events were followed by the dissipation of the excess energy through tidal friction in a close encounter.\u201d More recently, a study of lunar paleotides has shown that \u201cthe Moon could not have been formed in orbit around the Earth\u201d (A. J. Anderson, \u201cLunar Paleotides and the Origin of the Earth-Moon System,\u201d The Moon and the Planets,<\/i> 19 [1978], 409-417). Because of a certain degree of instability in the Sun-Earth-Moon system, \u201cthe planetary origin and capture of the Moon by the Earth becomes a strong dynamic possibility.\u201d (V. Szebehely and R. McKenzie, \u201cStability of the Sun-Earth-Moon System,\u201d The Astronomical Journal<\/i> 82 (1977), 303ff.].<\/span><\/p>\n

13. [Cf. Yu. B. Chernyak, \u201cOn Recent Lunar Atmosphere,\u201d Nature, <\/i>273 (15 June, 1978), pp. 497ff. The author found \u201cstrong theoretical evidence of a considerable atmosphere on the Moon during the greater part of its history.\u201d]<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lidov\u00e1 poh\u00e1dka Der Mond je ze sb\u00edrky poh\u00e1dek brat\u0159\u00ed Grimm\u016f Kinder-und Hausm\u00e4rchen (1812-15, 1822, 1857).   P\u0159ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1932,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[679],"tags":[715,706],"class_list":["post-1931","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genesis-2016-2017","tag-grimmove","tag-pohadky","wpcat-679-id"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1931","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1931"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1931\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1932"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1931"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1931"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.horus.cz\/WProclamatio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1931"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}